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Diabetes status, rather than HbA1c, partially mediated the association, while neither blood pressure nor hypertension status had significant mediation effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings highlight a metabolic pathway linking NSECs to late\u2010life cognitive function, providing implications for interventions aimed at reducing neighborhood disparities and promoting cognitive health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Nationally representative cohort of adults aged 50+.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Longitudinal change in general cognitive function measured up to 8 years.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Mediation mechanisms included hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), diabetes, blood pressure, and hypertension.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Worse neighborhood socioeconomic conditions were linked to cognitive decline and elevated and diabetic levels of HbA1c.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Subsequent diabetes incidence partially mediated the association between midlife neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and later\u2010life major cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.71002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T11:38:53Z","timestamp":1766749133000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The associations between midlife neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and late\u2010life cognitive trajectories: The mediating roles of hemoglobin A1c and blood pressure"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1178-6200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Greta Jianjia","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Elizabeth","family":"Shaaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany L.","family":"Gary\u2010Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina F.","family":"Mair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanine M.","family":"Buchanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea L.","family":"Rosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532\u20105415.2002.50259.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610212002086"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2018.1474446"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2019.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13859"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv337"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12660"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.4501"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70125"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03610730500206683"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.43703"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(24)01296\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2019.100944"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.14993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.0697"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010025\u201003616\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892\u2010018\u20101032\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2023.103033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kww206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102024\u2010092971"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17\u20101200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524\u2010016\u20100034\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu067"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbr048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","volume-title":"Health and Retirement Study Imputation of Cognitive Functioning Measures:1992\u20132018","author":"McCammon RJ","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181a92c36"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","unstructured":"ClarkeP NoppertG MelendezR ChenowethM LG Data from: Socioeconomic Status and Demographic Characteristics of Census Tracts and ZIP Code Tabulation Areas United States 1990\u20102022.2025. 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