{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:35:19Z","timestamp":1792794919581,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100027610","name":"TMCity","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100027610","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Alzheimer's disease (AD) is projected to become the highest\u2010burden neurological disorder globally. Mounting evidence implicates the gut microbiome in AD pathogenesis. This scoping review of gut microbiomes in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD included dietary and probiotic interventions. We included original research and systematic reviews\/meta\u2010analyses. Animal and non\u2010English studies were excluded. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library through February 2023. Using Arksey and O'Malley's framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta\u2010Analyses (PRISMA)\u2010Extension for Scoping Reviews (ScR) checklist, we screened 4751 articles, with 58 meeting predefined inclusion criteria. Our results demonstrated that gut dysbiosis was frequently reported in MCI and AD, including increased\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonadota<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Actinomycetota<\/jats:italic>\n                      in AD and reduced diversity in some cases. Probiotic and dietary interventions showed promise in modulating cognition and microbiota, inconsistently. Emerging evidence links dysbiosis to cognitive decline; however, methodological heterogeneity and limited follow\u2010up impede causal inference. Research should prioritize standardized protocols, functional microbiome analysis, and longitudinal human studies to clarify therapeutic potential.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Gut dysbiosis is a common feature of MCI and AD, with phylum\u2010level microbial shifts frequently observed.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            <jats:italic>Pseudomonadota<\/jats:italic>\n                            and\n                            <jats:italic>Actinomycetota<\/jats:italic>\n                            are enriched in AD across multiple human studies.\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            Beneficial genera like\n                            <jats:italic>Faecalibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                            and\n                            <jats:italic>Roseburia<\/jats:italic>\n                            are consistently reduced in MCI and AD in a small number of studies.\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Probiotic and dietary interventions are promising to modulate the microbiota\u2013cognition axis.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>More longitudinal human studies are needed to assess causal microbiome relationships.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.71023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T12:01:14Z","timestamp":1769083274000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: a scoping review of human studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Alison","family":"Warren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Frame\u2010Corr Laboratory Department of Clinical Research and Leadership The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zan","family":"Wynia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Milken Institute of Public Health Department of Global Health The George 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