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Ninety\u2010six participants were enrolled across four groups: cognitively unimpaired amyloid (CU A) + and \u2212, mild cognitive impaired (MCI) A+, and Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) A+. Neuroinflammation using\n                      <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                      C\u2010ER176 TSPO positron emission tomography (PET) was compared to amyloid and tau PET. Correlations between neuroinflammation, amyloid, and tau pathology were examined across disease stages.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TSPO was upregulated in human microglia under AD\u2010like inflammatory conditions. Neuroinflammation, defined by PET TSPO, increased in CU A+ participants and became more widespread with increasing disease severity, aligning with worsening amyloid and tau pathology. Associations with tau were particularly extensive in temporal and parietal regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest probable amyloid association with early microglial activation, while tau pathology is closely tied to wider distribution of neuroinflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>TSPO expression increases in human microglia under AD\u2010like inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                            C\u2010ER176 PET shows stage\u2010dependent neuroinflammation across the AD spectrum.\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Neuroinflammation overlaps with tau and is more widespread in amyloid\u2010positive individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Activity peaks in MCI, stabilizes later, and relates to vascular and neurodegenerative changes.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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