{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:17:47Z","timestamp":1791908267701,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n This studyexamined the independent contribution of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) neuropathology to symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n \n The sample included 614 brain donors with (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0366) and without (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0248) autopsy\u2010confirmed CTE. Brain donors with other major neurodegenerative disease diagnoses were excluded. Informants completed cognitive and neuropsychiatric measures. Dementia was determined during diagnostic consensus conferences.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n CTE stage IV (of IV) was associated with 4.48 (95% confidence interval [CI]\u00a0=\u00a01.97\u201310.90) increased odds of having dementia. CTE stage III had an odds ratio of 2.12 (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.91\u20133.77). Higher CTE stage was associated with greater informant\u2010reported cognitive symptoms (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.01). There were no associations with mood\/behavioral scales.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n CTE stage III\/IV neuropathology was associated with dementia and cognitive symptoms: those with stage IV were 4.5 times more likely to have dementia than those without CTE. It is uncertain if low\u2010stage CTE clinically manifests, and mood\/behavioral symptoms likely have multifactorial causes and\/or a fluctuating course.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Highlights<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Stage III and IV chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) are independently associated with increased odds of having dementia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Higher CTE stage was associated with greater informant\u2010reported cognitive symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Stage I and II CTE were not associated with cognitive symptoms or dementia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n CTE of any severity was not associated with informant\u2010reported mood or behavioral symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.71032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T12:01:44Z","timestamp":1769515304000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["CTE neuropathology alone is associated with dementia and cognitive symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9556-6932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachael M.","family":"Layden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenna R.","family":"Groh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalise E.","family":"Miner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Kidd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia B.","family":"Nosek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie Gonzalez","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bobak","family":"Abdolmohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Lenio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Boston Medical Center Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Nowinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Concussion and CTE Foundation Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yorghos","family":"Tripodis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett M.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Center for Health Data Science Boston University School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph N.","family":"Palmisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Data Science Boston University School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigid C.","family":"Dwyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Boston Medical Center Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas I.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Boston Medical Center Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee E.","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Departments of Biomedical Electrical & Computer Engineering Boston University College of Engineering Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Cantu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts 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