{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:47:18Z","timestamp":1790084838567,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24 AG074855"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 AG074855"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>The National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) Uniform Data Set (UDS) includes extensive cognitive data contributed by Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers (ADRCs) since 2005. The UDS has evolved over time and is on its fourth iteration. In addition to this core dataset, individual ADRCs have administered augmented neuropsychological batteries to research participants that go beyond the UDS. Here we describe ongoing efforts and future plans to optimize use of these data with modern psychometric methods. Modern psychometric methods address challenges from an evolving battery of cognitive tests. To date, most efforts using modern psychometric methods have focused on harmonization and co\u2010calibration of ADRCs\u2019 UDS and non\u2010UDS cognitive data, while recent efforts address additional areas such as subjective cognitive impairment. Modern psychometric methods provide a workable framework for anticipated future developments, including digital cognitive testing and analyses of spoken responses. These methods facilitate optimal use of NACC's data riches to further its mission to facilitate collaborative research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) data collection includes an extensive cognitive battery that has changed over time.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>An ambitious project has harmonized and co\u2010calibrated cognitive domain scores for memory, executive functioning, and language. Scores and their standard errors are available from the NACC.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Those scores are co\u2010calibrated with domain scores from many additional studies, facilitating cross\u2010study scientific investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Future opportunities include digital data collection, consideration of neuropsychiatric symptoms and subjective cognitive impairment, and other uses of the granular cognitive data.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.71086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T05:27:39Z","timestamp":1768800459000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cognitive data harmonization in the ADRC Network and beyond\u2014Past, present, and future"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Paul K.","family":"Crane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changye","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Seitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychology Game Design, and Physical Therapy Movement and Rehabilitation Services Center for Cognitive and Brain Health Northeastern University  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seo\u2010Eun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shubhabrata","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connie","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Albertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Asadollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Velderrain\u2010Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne","family":"Gall\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura A.","family":"Rabin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Brooklyn College, City University of New York  Brooklyn New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Gaynor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Logan","family":"Dumitrescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Hohman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily H.","family":"Trittschuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GRECC VA Puget Sound Health Care System  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Saykin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Neuropsychological Assessment","author":"Lezak MD","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.9.1159"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wad.0000213865.09806.92"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000223"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acac102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores, with Contributions by Allan Birnbaum","author":"Lord FM","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10519-153"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"Test Theory: A Unified Treatment","author":"McDonald RP","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Item Response Theory","author":"Hambleton RK","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511618765"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146621605275414"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-007-9183-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146621606289485"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-020-01398-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000835"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70832"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.2169"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13508"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13507"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00633-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70681"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70335"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaf106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac177"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","unstructured":"DurantA MukherjeeS LeeML et\u00a0al.Evaluating the association of APOE genotype and cognitive resilience in SuperAgers. medRxiv.2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70075"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","volume-title":"L'examen Clinique en Psychologie","author":"Rey A","year":"1964"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","volume-title":"California Verbal Learning Test: Second Edition","author":"Delis D","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854049108403297"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e318191c7dd"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000901"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70694"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2018.1535662"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13391"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Digital cognitive assessments for dementia: digital assessments may enhance the efficiency of evaluations in neurology and other clinics","volume":"2020","author":"Staffaroni AM","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pract Neurol (Fort Wash Pa)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","unstructured":"FarzanaS PardeN Are interaction patterns helpful for task\u2010agnostic dementia detection? an empirical exploration.2023.https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=FMRsEKkAAAAJ&citation_for_view=FMRsEKkAAAAJ:UeHWp8X0CEIC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2025.cmcl-1.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","volume-title":"Detecting Cognitive Impairment from Language and Speech for Early Screening of Alzheimer's Disease Dementia with Interpretable Transformer\u2010Based Language Models","author":"Li C","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104598"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2019.2955022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2022.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2022.104030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03118-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617720000144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74710-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-161274"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000593"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01199-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2007\/102)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","article-title":"Clinical judgement by primary care physicians for the diagnosis of all\u2010cause dementia or cognitive impairment in symptomatic people","volume":"6","author":"Creavin ST","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1818430116"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2022_JSLHR-21-00519"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285612455733"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-024-10961-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115538"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1994.00540180063015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","volume-title":"BDAE: The Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination","author":"Goodglass H","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomp.2021.780169"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","volume-title":"Sociolinguistic Patterns","author":"Labov W","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroling.2016.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026870399402163"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617714000228"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.11.3.411"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ar.2011.e4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000888"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-215388"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150729"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-230752"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.22.4.531"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2025.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnw091"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70279"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00453-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091415"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10731911221077962"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acae016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70705"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alz.71086","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/alz.71086","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alz.71086","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T14:28:50Z","timestamp":1785940130000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alz.71086"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alz.71086"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.71086","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5260","1552-5279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5260","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-5279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71086"}}