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We investigated the relationship between peripheral metabolic markers \u2013 adiponectin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF\u201021), and insulin\u2010like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP\u20102) \u2013 and AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), AD, and cognitively healthy (CH) controls were from the Consortium for the Early Identification of Alzheimer's Disease\u2013Quebec cohort (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0287). Serum adiponectin, FGF\u201021, and IGFBP\u20102 concentrations were measured, compared between groups, and assessed for associations with clinical, cognitive, biochemical, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metabolic dysfunction was linked to lower adiponectin and IGFBP\u20102, but higher FGF\u201021. Both FGF\u201021 and IGFBP\u20102 increased with age and were inversely associated with cognitive performance. IGFBP\u20102 was elevated at SCD stage and correlated with plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 and amygdala atrophy. Adiponectin was unrelated to cognition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that IGFBP\u20102 and, to a lesser extent, FGF\u201021 may serve as early biomarkers of cognitive impairment, reflecting intricate links between peripheral dysmetabolism and AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.71097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T08:10:57Z","timestamp":1770106257000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Distinct alterations of adiponectin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF\u201021), and insulin\u2010like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP\u20102) link dysmetabolism with cognitive decline across the Alzheimer's disease 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