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Vascular factors showed stage\u2010specific patterns with amyloid beta (A\u03b2) and tau pathology. Higher CSF VEGF\u2010C and angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme (ACE) correlated with better cognition and milder brain atrophy. CSF ACE was also associated with slower decline and lower AD risk. The effect of A\u03b2 pathology on cognition was mitigated by CSF VEGF\u2010C, whereas tau pathology and neurodegeneration were mitigated by CSF ACE. Independently, these CSF factors mediated the association between CSF glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and cognition. Astrocytic biomarkers mediated AD pathology\u2013vascular links.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dynamic astrocyte\u2013vascular interplay in AD pathology could influence cognition, considered as a potential therapeutic target.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.71122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T05:35:38Z","timestamp":1769319338000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Astrocyte\u2013vascular interplay in Alzheimer's disease pathology: Novel insights into stage\u2010specific biomarkers and therapeutic targets"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Zehu","family":"Sheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Laboratory of Research and Translation 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