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Age\u2010 and education\u2010specific\n                      <jats:italic>z\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n                      scores from 13 neuropsychological subtests were used to apply Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn) to identify distinct cognitive subtypes. We compared the risk of developing dementia between subtypes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SuStaIn analysis delineated three pd subtypes with cognitive impairment: Subtype 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0121) with early verbal memory impairment; Subtype 2 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0108) with early visuospatial dysfunction; and Subtype 3 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a087) with early frontal\/executive dysfunction. The remaining 158 patients were classified as a cognitively intact subtype (Subtype 0). Time\u2010dependent Cox regression models showed that the risk of dementia after 3.5 years was highest in Subtype 2.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Visuospatial dysfunction may be a potential cognitive profile for predicting the risk of rapid dementia conversion in PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Cognitive profile associated with early dementia conversion in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>This study applied the SuStaIn algorithm to delineate three cognitive subtypes of PD.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>PD subtype with early visuospatial dysfunction had a higher risk of dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Visuospatial dysfunction indicates an imminent risk of dementia conversion in PD.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.71130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T07:26:03Z","timestamp":1768548363000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Visuospatial dysfunction indicates an increased risk of rapid dementia conversion in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0208-5189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chan Wook","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Physiology Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youngseok","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering Hanyang University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeeun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye Sun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Collaboration Unit Yonsei 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