{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T11:46:22Z","timestamp":1785930382792,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL157954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL157954"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006312","name":"BrightFocus Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BrightFocus\u2010ADR\u201022\u2010924755"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BrightFocus\u2010ADR\u201022\u2010924755"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009886","name":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AASM\u2010231\u2010BS\u201020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AASM\u2010231\u2010BS\u201020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009886","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer's Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24AARF\u2010D\u20101243696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24AARF\u2010D\u20101243696"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer's Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AARG\u2010D\u201021\u2010848397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AARG\u2010D\u201021\u2010848397"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AG066512"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG066512"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L30AG064670"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L30AG064670"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23AG068534"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23AG068534"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG082278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG082278"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF1AG083975"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1AG083975"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Racial\u2010, ethnic\u2010, and sex\u2010specific mechanisms of OSA and AD risk were examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analyzed data from 3978 polysomnography patients without cognitive decline aged \u2265 60 including 663 OSA+ patients (284 non\u2010Hispanic White, 207 Black, 172 Hispanic) matched to OSA\u2013 cohorts (1:1,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0663; 1:4,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a02652) and followed for AD through 2013.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During the 8.5\u00a0(standard deviation 1.4) year period,\u00a0358 patients developed AD. AD risk was higher for Black (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.24 [1.24\u20132.71]), Hispanic (aHR 1.73, [1.38\u20133.51]), White (aHR 1.83, [1.21\u20133.37]), male (aHR 2.38,\u00a0[1.31\u20133.47]), and female (aHR 1.37, [1.14\u20132.41]) patients. Hypoxia, sleep fragmentation, and sleep\u00a0duration (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) were associated with increased risk.\u00a0Black and\u00a0Hispanic, and female patients showed stronger effects for hypoxia and duration, and fragmentation, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypoxia, fragmentation, and duration may underlie racial\u2010, ethnic\u2010, and sex\u2010specific effects of AD risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.71144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T06:43:16Z","timestamp":1769496196000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Racial, ethnic and sex\u2010specific mechanisms of obstructive sleep apnea and Alzheimer's disease risk"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Komal Patel","family":"Murali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Gills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry NYU Grossman School of Medicine Aging Research in Sleep Equity &amp; Dementia Prevention Program  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Population Health NYU Grossman School of Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlener","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miami Dade College  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Briggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry NYU Grossman School of Medicine Aging Research in Sleep Equity &amp; Dementia Prevention Program  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Population Health NYU Grossman School of Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Bernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry NYU Grossman School of Medicine Aging Research in Sleep Equity &amp; Dementia Prevention Program  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Population Health NYU Grossman School of Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Valkanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics College of Public Health University of South Florida  Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred K.","family":"Mbah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics College of Public Health University of South Florida  Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ogie Queen","family":"Umasabor\u2010Bubu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SUNY Downstate Medical Center  Brooklyn New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenna","family":"Brewster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zainab","family":"Osakwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelphi University College of Nursing and Public Health  Garden City New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry NYU Grossman School of Medicine Aging Research in Sleep Equity &amp; Dementia Prevention Program  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Population Health NYU Grossman School of Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemma","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine Washington State University  Spokane Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayna A.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Emory University Rollins School of Public Health  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinedu T.","family":"Udeh\u2010Momoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Brain Health Institute  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olugbenga","family":"Ogedegbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry NYU Grossman School of Medicine Aging Research in Sleep Equity &amp; Dementia Prevention Program  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Population Health NYU Grossman School of Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indu","family":"Ayappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Osorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry NYU Grossman School of Medicine Aging Research in Sleep Equity &amp; Dementia Prevention Program  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Girardin","family":"Jean\u2010Louis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Translational Sleep and Circadian Sciences University of Miami Miller School of Medicine  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto R.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omonigho Michael","family":"Bubu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry NYU Grossman School of Medicine Aging Research in Sleep Equity &amp; Dementia Prevention Program  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Population Health NYU Grossman School of Medicine  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology NYU Grossman School of Medicine Alzheimer's Disease Research Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2019.101250"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213\u20102600(15)00090\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2020.105054"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2022.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2015.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25408"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202012\u20101483OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1764837"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.26818"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2014.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078655"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5434"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2632"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2010.509251"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2228"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2004.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.50.3.262"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1500030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1400130"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3562"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2014.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy387"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.075785"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2012.636276"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0030\u20102019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/jad\u2010230527"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2019.101246"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978\u20100\u2010444\u201053817\u20108.00003\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.025"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alz.71144","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/alz.71144","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alz.71144","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T11:08:00Z","timestamp":1785928080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alz.71144"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alz.71144"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.71144","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5260","1552-5279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5260","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-5279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71144"}}