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We next performed pathway enrichment analyses to identify biological mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found 21 proteins and one metabolite colocalized with AD risk that were shared between the EUR and AFR ancestry groups. We also identified 25% AFR and 60% EUR proteins; 50% AFR and 10% EUR metabolites were unique. The pathway enrichment analyses nominated interleukin\u20101 production and lipid pathway were shared underlying proteomic and metabolomic findings, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings indicate that these four plasma datasets may pinpoint different effectors of AD risk in diverse populations; findings from AFR participants require validation with AFR\u2010based genome\u2010wide association study data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>For proteomics, 61% of findings for European (EUR) ancestry and 72% for African (AFR) ancestry were not previously reported.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>For metabolomics, 83% of findings for EUR ancestry and 50% AFR ancestry were not previously reported.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Both convergent and divergent pathways were identified in EUR\u2010 and AFR\u2010ancestry stratified analyses in either proteomics or metabolomics findings.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.71164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T14:01:52Z","timestamp":1770472912000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Analyses of plasma multi\u2010omic data across ancestries identify novel pathways implicated in Alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Chengran","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jigyasha","family":"Timsina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menghan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Budde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pat","family":"Kohlfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Brock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"NeuroGenomics and 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun Ju","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Division of Biostatistics Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0276-2899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Cruchaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Charles F. and 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