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Recent studies have highlighted the central role of microglia\u2013complement interactions in synaptic pruning. This interaction exhibits significant spatial heterogeneity in AD, with activation patterns and functional manifestations varying across different brain regions and stages of disease. Therefore, this article systematically reviews the synergistic mechanisms of microglia and the complement system in physiological synaptic pruning. Additionally, the dynamic evolution of the complement\u2013immune network during disease progression is analyzed, and the amplifying effect of genetic factors on the spatial heterogeneity of synaptic pruning is explored. 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