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Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective studies of blood\u2010based biomarkers reflecting pathogenic processes, other than Alzheimer\u2010specific pathologies, that contribute to dementia in diverse cohorts are lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We jointly fitted linear mixed\u2010effect models and proportional hazards models to examine associations of midlife glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), chitinase\u20103\u2010like protein 1 (YKL\u201040), soluble cluster of differentiation\u201014 (sCD14), neurofilament light chain (NfL), total tau (t\u2010tau), and ubiquitin C\u2010terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) levels in serum (collected in 1993 to 1995) with cognitive decline and incident dementia (ascertained over 29 years through 2022) in the community\u2010based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. sCD14 and YKL\u201040 were measured in 3082 participants and the other four biomarkers in 1766 participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher serum GFAP, YKL\u201040, sCD14, and NfL were associated with faster cognitive decline and elevated dementia rate (e.g., 1 standard deviation [SD] higher log\u2010base2 YKL\u201040 was associated with \u22120.11SD faster 25\u2010year cognitive decline (95% confidence interval [CI]: \u22120.15,\u22120.07) and 45% higher dementia hazard (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.45 [95% CI: 1.25, 1.68]). Higher t\u2010tau and UCHL1 were also associated with faster cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Midlife blood biomarkers reflecting glial and neuronal dysfunction and neuroinflammation are associated with early cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.71422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T03:56:15Z","timestamp":1778126175000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Associations of blood biomarkers of glial cell dysfunction and neuronal injury with future cognitive decline and incident dementia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Srishti","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia 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