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We examined whether longer follow\u2010up exhibits greater cognitive differences associated with CPAP use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed 777 participants from the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) with linked Medicare claims, with one or more claims for OSA and no baseline cognitive impairment. CPAP treatment was defined by one or more CPAP claims. Cognitive trajectories from 2011 to 2021 were estimated using a factor score derived from annual cognitive performance assessments and compared by CPAP treatment status using adjusted generalized linear mixed models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognitive performance declined over follow\u2010up. CPAP\u2010treated participants declined by \u22120.03 standard deviation (SD) units per year (95% confidence interval [CI]: \u22120.04, \u22120.02). Untreated participants experienced a 69% faster decline (CPAP\u2010by\u2010time interaction: \u22120.02; 95% CI: \u22120.04, \u22120.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CPAP therapy may slow cognitive decline in older adults with OSA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.71533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T11:00:07Z","timestamp":1784026807000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Untreated obstructive sleep apnea and accelerated cognitive decline over 10 years"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Christopher N.","family":"Kaufmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics University of Florida College of Medicine  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Albrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishaldeep Kaur","family":"Sekhon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Center on Aging and Health Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alden L.","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Aging and Health Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland 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