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Intraindividual cognitive variability (IICV) may be a sensitive marker of early AD\u2010related changes but remains understudied in DS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Adults from the Alzheimer's Biomarker Consortium\u2013DS (ABC\u2010DS) study (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0460, mean age 43.3 years; 45.7% female) were included. Generalized linear models examined whether baseline IICV predicted incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI)\/dementia, cognitive decline, and amyloid and tau positron emission tomography outcomes, adjusting for demographics, intellectual disability, apolipoprotein E \u03b54, site, assessment interval, and mean cognitive performance, with Bonferroni correction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Greater IICV predicted incident MCI\/dementia (odds ratio\u00a0=\u00a04.63 to 5.13,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), greater amyloid burden, early tau accumulation, and higher tau across Braak stages, independent of mean cognition. Exploratory analyses suggested sex\u2010specific interactions with tau outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IICV is a sensitive marker of dementia risk and cognitive resilience in DS, with potential utility for secondary prevention and trial enrichment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.71537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T06:44:02Z","timestamp":1780814642000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Intraindividual cognitive variability predicts amyloid beta, tau PET, and dementia conversion in Down syndrome: a potential marker of cognitive resilience"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2849-0545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana Mascarenhas","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Krieger Klein Alzheimer's Research Center Rutgers Health  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Programa Terceira Idade (PROTER, Old Age Research Group), Department and Institute of Psychiatry University of S\u00e3o Paulo School of Medicine  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eardi","family":"Lila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Shojaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmeer","family":"Chhatwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orestes","family":"Forlenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM\u201027), Department and Institute of Psychiatry University of S\u00e3o Paulo School of Medicine  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal Schnaider","family":"Beeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Krieger Klein Alzheimer's Research Center Rutgers Health  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Krinsky\u2010McHale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann D.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley T.","family":"Christian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Head","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Mapstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders University of California, Irvine  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Handen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beau M.","family":"Ances","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Washington University in St Louis  St Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Grabowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Neurology University of Washington  Seattle Washington 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