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De\u2010facing algorithms can de\u2010identify neuroimages; however, none are validated in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) \u2013 a population at high risk of Alzheimer's disease and the focus of numerous Alzheimer's disease cohort studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 37 adults with DS were parcellated using FreeSurfer before and after de\u2010facing with\n                      <jats:italic>mri_reface<\/jats:italic>\n                      . A group of neurotypically developed individuals balanced on age, sex, and magnetic resonance imaging scanner manufacturer served as controls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>De\u2010facing produced no effect on cortical thickness or volumetrics in adults with DS compared to controls or regional discrimination based on an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis after correcting for multiple comparisons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      FreeSurfer\u2010derived volumetric and cortical thickness measures changed minimally following de\u2010facing with\n                      <jats:italic>mri_reface<\/jats:italic>\n                      in adults with DS and are unlikely to influence study outcomes. De\u2010facing should be considered prior to data sharing in studies of adults with DS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.71614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T12:37:32Z","timestamp":1782477452000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Facial feature removal in magnetic resonance imaging scans of adults with Down syndrome: A de\u2010facing methodological study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6263-1674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason K.","family":"Russell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Rafii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter K.","family":"Kremers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott A.","family":"Przybelski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashanthi","family":"Vemuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald C.","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Graff\u2010Radford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Clifford R.","family":"Jack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher G.","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119357"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1908881"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2021.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120199"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2023.103507"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-022-01195-7"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","article-title":"Reproducibility evaluation of the effects of MRI defacing on brain segmentation","volume":"10","author":"Gao C","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Imaging (Bellingham)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14303"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00237-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13446"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00426-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13444"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaf133"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70294"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.117845"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"GulbanOF NielsonD LeeJ et\u00a0al. poldracklab\/pydeface: PyDeface v2.0.2 (v2.0.2): Zenodo;2022. 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