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We examined whether regional ventricular morphology in former American football players reflects exposure burden and traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) classification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants included 170 male former football players and 54 age\u2010matched asymptomatic male controls from the Diagnostics, Imaging, and Genetics Network for the Objective Study and Evaluation of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Research Project. Subject\u2010specific manual segmentation quantified lateral ventricle, inferior horn, third ventricle, and fourth ventricle volumes. Group and exposure associations were tested using generalized least squares models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Former players showed larger left inferior lateral ventricle volume than controls, with the largest effects among professional players. Greater cumulative linear and rotational acceleration exposure was associated with enlargement across lateral ventricular and inferior horn regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Regional ventricular enlargement may represent an in vivo marker of cumulative biomechanical loading after RHI exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.71764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T03:05:41Z","timestamp":1788231941000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Regional ventricular enlargement as an in vivo biomarker of cumulative biomechanical neurodegeneration in former American football players"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Brian","family":"Szekely","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine NYU Grossman School of Medicine  New York New York USA"},{"name":"NYU Langone Concussion Center NYU Langone Health  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared","family":"Stearns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine NYU Grossman School of Medicine  New York New York USA"},{"name":"NYU Langone Concussion Center NYU Langone Health  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anya S.","family":"Mirmajlesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine NYU Grossman School of Medicine  New York New York USA"},{"name":"NYU Langone Concussion Center NYU Langone Health  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca D.","family":"Folkerth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Injury Research Center Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Bouix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology \u00c9cole de technologie sup\u00e9rieure, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec  Montr\u00e9al Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel H.","family":"Daneshvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Spaulding Rehabilitation 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Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha E.","family":"Shenton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory Department of Psychiatry Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Brigham and Women's Hospital, founding member of Mass General Brigham, and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, founding member of Mass General Brigham  Boston Massachusetts 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