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The human intermediate nucleus (IntN), a putative ventrolateral preoptic analog, promotes non\u2010rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, but its disease\u2010specific vulnerability is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Post mortem<\/jats:italic>\n                      hypothalami (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a030; baseline [Braak stage I\u2212II]\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a06;\u00a0PSP\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a09; Braak\u00a0III\u2013IV\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a04; Braak V\u2010VI\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a011) underwent marker\u2010guided IntN delineation, galanin\/phospho\u2010tau (T231) immunohistochemistry, and stereology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Advanced PSP showed profound IntN degeneration (84% neuron reduction vs baseline). In AD neuropathologic change, IntN neuronal loss and phospho\u2010tau burden were greater in higher Braak stages and preferentially affected galanin\u2010positive neurons (\u224877% reduction in late AD); phospho\u2010tau burden was higher in galanin\u2010positive\u00a0neurons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The IntN is a disease\u2010sensitive node, with near\u2010ablation in PSP and progressive, preferential loss of detectable galaninergic neurons in AD. Although longitudinal observations and\n                      <jats:italic>premortem<\/jats:italic>\n                      sleep\/wake measurements were not available for this sample, these findings are consistent with disease\u2010level differences in NREM\/ slow\u2010wave sleep disturbance reported in PSP and AD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.71808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T06:50:52Z","timestamp":1788936652000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tau\u2010associated neuronal loss in the intermediate nucleus of the human hypothalamus, a putative VLPO analog, in progressive supranuclear palsy and Alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Shima","family":"Rastegar\u2010Pouyani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fein Memory and Aging Center 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