{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T11:03:06Z","timestamp":1790334186382,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82371210 U24A20690 U25A2073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371210 U24A20690 U25A2073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013365","name":"West China Hospital, Sichuan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024HXFH023 ZYYC23016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024HXFH023 ZYYC23016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013365","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) involve vascular dysfunction, the ocular microvascular differences between them remain largely underinvestigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study included 650 participants (149 AD, 276 CSVD, and 225 cognitively unimpaired individuals). Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) metrics were analyzed to characterize ocular microvascular alterations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CSVD patients exhibited a higher burden of retinal ischemic perivascular lesions (RIPLs) than AD patients (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), whereas AD patients showed reduced choriocapillaris (CC) density (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.031). In the CSVD group, RIPLs were associated with total CSVD score (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.049), while reduced CC density was associated with elevated phosphorylated tau 181 in the AD group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.001). Machine learning models integrating OCTA metrics effectively differentiated AD from CSVD (area under the curve\u00a0=\u00a00.86).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AD and CSVD exhibit distinct ocular microvascular alterations, supporting OCTA\u2010derived measures as potential non\u2010invasive biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Trial registration number<\/jats:bold>\n                      : ChiCTR2000041386\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.71809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T03:41:22Z","timestamp":1788838882000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Distinct ocular microvascular alterations in Alzheimer's disease and cerebral small vessel disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ziyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu 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