{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T11:03:26Z","timestamp":1790334206022,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025JJ60799"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JJ60799"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cognitive implications of longitudinal frailty exposure remain unclear. We examined associations of baseline frailty status, two\u2010wave frailty change, and mean frailty burden with annual cognitive change and cognitive aging trajectories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analyzed data from three nationally representative cohorts: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, and Health and Retirement Study (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a019,586). Primary linear mixed\u2010effects models used exposure\u2010by\u2010time interactions to estimate differences in annual global and domain\u2010specific cognitive change. Cohort\u2010specific estimates were pooled using random\u2010effects meta\u2010analysis. Secondary group\u2010based trajectory modeling (GBTM) identified cognitive trajectory groups, and logistic regression assessed associations with group membership.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Baseline pre\u2010frailty and frailty were associated with more negative annual global cognitive change versus robust status (both pooled\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.023 SD\/year, 95% CIs \u22120.030 to \u22120.016 and \u22120.031 to \u22120.014, respectively). Worsening from robust to pre\u2010frail or frail status was associated with more negative change (pooled\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.025 SD\/year, 95% CI \u22120.035 to \u22120.014). Higher mean frailty burden was associated with more negative change. Changes from initial pre\u2010frailty or frailty showed no clear pooled associations. In secondary GBTM analyses, baseline frailty status, higher mean frailty burden, and frailty worsening were associated with less\u2010favorable trajectory groups. Frailty improvement was directionally associated with more\u2010favorable groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline frailty status, worsening from robust status, and higher mean frailty burden were associated with less\u2010favorable cognitive aging across complementary rate\u2010based and trajectory analyses. Repeated frailty assessments may provide information for characterizing cognitive aging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.71821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:02:22Z","timestamp":1789099342000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamic frailty exposure and cognitive aging trajectories: A multicohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5565-9973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongtao","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education Central South University  Changsha 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Physical Education and Sport Science Soochow University Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9958-7937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiling","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education Central South University  Changsha China"},{"name":"Center for Sports Rehabilitation and Sports Risk Mitigation Research Central South University  Changsha 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