{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:18:30Z","timestamp":1791487110557,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BMB\/2015\/56"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMB\/2015\/56"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Models and Exp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To formulate an anesthesia protocol for safe and satisfactory anesthesia for ear surgery in rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The rats were anesthetized with xylazine (10\u00a0mg\/kg body weight) and ketamine at doses of 80, 50, 40, and 30\u00a0mg\/kg body weight or with isoflurane anesthesia (2%\u20133.5% in 100% oxygen; maintenance dose 1.5%\u20133.5%). The anesthesia induction, surgery, and recovery time were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 17 rats were induced by varying doses of ketamine\u2010xylazine and 28 rats with isoflurane. Mean induction time with ketamine\u2010xylazine was 6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.9\u00a0min compared with 3.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.1\u00a0min with isoflurane. Mean recovery time with ketamine\u2010xylazine was 142.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a049.3\u00a0min compared with 4.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.2\u00a0min with isoflurane. A mortality of 4 animals after developing dyspnea was recorded with ketamine\u2010xylazine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Isoflurane anesthesia offers appropriate induction and recovery times and low mortality rates for the surgeries performed. Isoflurane anesthesia offers reliable results for ear surgery in rats. However, more equipment and technical skills are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T07:43:06Z","timestamp":1642491786000},"page":"183-188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Anesthesia protocol for ear surgery in Wistar rats (animal research)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3251-1801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhijeet","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health &amp; Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS)  Shillong India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pranjal Pratim","family":"Saikia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology (Animal House) North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health &amp; Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS)  Shillong India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barilin","family":"Dkhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health &amp; Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS)  Shillong India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haphidasara","family":"Pyngrope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health &amp; Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS)  Shillong India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012373898-1.50014-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of various combinations of injectable anesthetics in BALB\/c mice","volume":"47","author":"Buitrago S","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook: Desk Edition","author":"Plumb DC","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Laboratory Animal Anaesthesia","author":"Flecknell P","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","volume-title":"Laboratory Animal Anaesthesia","author":"Flecknell PA","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-014-0198-3"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"567","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of ketamine and xylazine in young and old Sprague\u2010Dawley rats","volume":"52","author":"Veilleux\u2010Lemieux D","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"Office of the Vice President for Research and Innovation.Anesthesia for Laboratory Animals.https:\/\/research.uoregon.edu\/manage\/integrity\u2010compliance\/animal\u2010research\/anesthesia\u2010laboratory\u2010animals. Accessed September 22 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"Anesthesia (Guideline).Vertebrate Animal Research.https:\/\/animal.research.uiowa.edu\/iacuc\u2010guidelines\u2010anesthesia. Published February 12 2020. 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