{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:13:25Z","timestamp":1759709605513,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Models and Exp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In many animal experiments, it is vital to detect sudden changes in cardiac output (CO). This porcine study compared CO that was measured with a Swan\u2010Ganz pulmonary catheter with the gold standard (which was a transit\u2010time flow probe around the pulmonary artery) during interventions that caused hemodynamic instability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In one series, 7 pigs were exposed to sudden changes in CO. In another series, 9 pigs experienced more prolonged changes in CO. All the pigs had a Swan\u2010Ganz catheter placed into the pulmonary artery and a flow probe around the pulmonary artery. Adrenaline infusion and controlled hemorrhage were used to increase and decrease CO, respectively. The measurements of CO before and after each intervention were compared for correlation, agreement, and the time delay that it took each method to detect at least a 30% change in CO. A Bland\u2013Altman test was used to identify correlations and agreements between the methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the first series, there was a delay of 5\u20137 min for the Swan Ganz catheter to register a 30% change in cardiac output, compared with the flow probe. However, during prolonged changes in CO in the second series, there was a good correlation between the 2 methods. Mixed venous oxygen saturation reacted faster to changes than did CO; both were measured via the Swan\u2010Ganz catheter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In many animal studies, the use of Swan\u2010Ganz catheters is suitable; however, in experiments with sudden hemodynamic instability, the flow probe is the most advantageous method for measuring CO.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T09:19:02Z","timestamp":1654507142000},"page":"258-265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Continuous cardiac output measured with a <scp>Swan\u2010Ganz<\/scp> catheter reacts too slowly in animal experiments with sudden circulatory failure"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Sigr\u00ed\u00f0ur 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