{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:10:40Z","timestamp":1790093440830,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":33,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81730031 to lili"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81730031 to lili"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82001395 to yingwei wang"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82001395 to yingwei wang"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Models and Exp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>TTC (2,3,5\u2010triphenyltetrazolium chloride) staining is the most commonly used method in identifying and assessing cerebral infarct volumes in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model. Given that microglia exhibit different morphologies in different regions after ischemic stroke, we demonstrate the superiority and necessity of using TTC\u2010stained brain tissue to analyze the expression of various proteins or genes in different regions based on microglia character.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We compared brain tissue (left for 10\u00a0min on ice) from the improved TTC staining method with penumbra from the traditional sampling method. We identified the feasibility and necessity of the improved staining method using real time (RT)\u2010PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no protein and RNA degradation in the TTC\u2010stained brain tissue group. However, the TREM2 specifically expressed on the microglia showed a significant difference between two groups in the penumbra region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>TTC\u2010stained brain tissue can be used for molecular biology experiments without any restrictions. In addition, TTC\u2010stained brain tissue shows greater superiority due to its precise positioning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T16:09:51Z","timestamp":1683216591000},"page":"111-119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The superiority and feasibility of 2,3,5\u2010triphenyltetrazolium chloride\u2013stained brain tissues for molecular biology experiments based on microglial properties"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1839-770X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yajuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingrong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuchi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangtao","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493020909545"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01921-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.286954"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2021.0311"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1802-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.10.073"},{"issue":"272","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Transplantation of 3D MSC\/HUVEC spheroids with neuroprotective and proangiogenic potentials ameliorates ischemic stroke brain injury","volume":"120765","author":"Hsu T","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.28252"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abb6716"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.48761"},{"issue":"181","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Can we use 2,3,5\u2010Triphenyltetrazolium chloride\u2010stained brain slices for other purposes? 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