{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T17:19:52Z","timestamp":1775063992597,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81773226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81773226"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82103483"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82103483"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1967220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1967220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Models and Exp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. Recently, developments in radiotherapy technology have led to radiotherapy becoming one of the main therapeutics of HCC. Therefore, a suitable animal model for radiotherapy of the orthotopic HCC mouse model is urgently needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the present study, Hepa1\u20106 cells were injected into the liver of C57BL\/6 mice in situ to mimic the pathological characteristics of the original HCC. Tumor formation was monitored by applying magnetic resonance imaging techniques and verified by H&amp;E histopathological staining, AFP staining, and Ki67 staining. A single dose of 10\u2009Gy X\u2010ray was applied to simulate clinical radiotherapy plans using image\u2010guided radiotherapy (IGRT) equipment. The efficiency of radiotherapy was then assessed by examining tumor size and weight one week after radiation. Cleaved\u2010caspase3 staining and TUNEL were used to assess apoptosis in tumor tissues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intrahepatic tumor development was detected in the liver according using MRI. A high\u2010density shadow could be seen 10\u2009days after cell injection, which indicated the formation of HCC in vivo. The tumors grew steadily bigger, and underwent precision radiotherapy 20\u2009days after injection. The typical pathological characteristics of HCC, such as large, deeply stained nuclei and irregular cell size, were visible with H&amp;E staining. After radiotherapy, significantly higher expression of the immunohistochemical markers Ki67 and AFP were detected in tumor tissue than in the nearby normal tissue. Compared with the control group, the tumor volume (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05) and weight (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) of the irradiated group were significantly reduced. In addition, a higher frequency of apoptosis was identified in irradiated HCC tumor tissue using the TUNEL and cleaved\u2010caspase3 staining assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a well\u2010established orthotopic HCC model, MRI was utilized to monitor the formation of tumors, and IGRT was used to simulate clinical radiotherapy. The present study could provide a suitable preclinical system for HCC radiotherapy\u2010related studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T04:30:01Z","timestamp":1687840201000},"page":"419-426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Establishment of image\u2010guided radiotherapy of orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2273-2985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaixiao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yabo","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Six Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital Navy Military Medical University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Military Medical University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection Soochow University  Suzhou 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