{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T02:02:22Z","timestamp":1791511342051,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,18]],"date-time":"2024-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22120220562"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22120220562"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Models and Exp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our previous study found that mouse embryonic neural stem cell (NSC)\u2013derived exosomes (EXOs) regulated NSC differentiation via the miR\u20109\/Hes1 axis. However, the effects of EXOs on brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMEC) dysfunction via the miR\u20109\/Hes1 axis remain unknown. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the effects of EXOs on BMEC proliferation, migration, and death via the miR\u20109\/Hes1 axis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunofluorescence, quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction, cell counting kit\u20108 assay, wound healing assay, calcein\u2010acetoxymethyl\/propidium iodide staining, and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to determine the role and mechanism of EXOs on BMECs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>EXOs promoted BMEC proliferation and migration and reduced cell death under hypoxic conditions. The overexpression of miR\u20109 promoted BMEC proliferation and migration and reduced cell death under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, miR\u20109 downregulation inhibited BMEC proliferation and migration and also promoted cell death. Hes1 silencing ameliorated the effect of amtagomiR\u20109 on BMEC proliferation and migration and cell death. Hyperemic structures were observed in the regions of the hippocampus and cortex in hypoxia\u2010induced mice. Meanwhile, EXO treatment improved cerebrovascular alterations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>NSC\u2010derived EXOs can promote BMEC proliferation and migration and reduce cell death via the miR\u20109\/Hes1 axis under hypoxic conditions. Therefore, EXO therapeutic strategies could be considered for hypoxia\u2010induced vascular injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T04:28:28Z","timestamp":1708316908000},"page":"24-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Neural stem cell\u2013derived exosomes regulate cell proliferation, migration, and cell death of brain microvascular endothelial cells via the <scp>miR<\/scp>\u20109\/Hes1 axis under hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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