{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T03:48:20Z","timestamp":1778903300280,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Models and Exp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Complementary medicine is an interesting field for extracting bioactive compounds from various plant and animal sources. The hepatoprotective effect of the methanolic extract of a species of sea cucumber called <jats:italic>Holothuria leucospilota<\/jats:italic> in an animal model of liver cancer caused by dimethyl nitrosamine (DMN) was studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wistar female rats were randomly divided into five groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912): control (intact), positive control (received 1% DMN [10\u2009mg\/kg\/week, intraperitoneally] for 12\u2009weeks), and three treatment groups (received 50, 100, and 200\u2009mg\/kg\/day <jats:italic>H. leucospilota<\/jats:italic> extract orally for 12\u2009weeks along with intraperitoneal administration of 1% DMN [10\u2009mg\/kg\/week]). In all groups, ultrasound was performed on the liver every week to check its density. Blood sampling and liver isolation were performed on three occasions, at 4, 8, and 12\u2009weeks, to check liver enzymes and the histopathological condition of the liver tissue (every week, four animals from each group were randomly selected).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Liver density changes were evident from the eighth week onward in the positive control group. Histopathological results indicated pathologic changes in the positive control group after 4\u2009weeks. The increase in liver enzymes in the positive control group was significantly different from that in the treatment and control groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We demonstrated the hepatoprotective effect of <jats:italic>H. leucospilota<\/jats:italic> on DMN\u2010induced liver damage in rats using biochemical and histological parameters and ultrasonography. More additional research (in silico or in\u00a0vitro) is needed to find the exact mechanism and the main biological compound in <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>leucospilota<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T10:19:38Z","timestamp":1719829178000},"page":"544-552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Hepatoprotective effect of <i>Holothuria leucospilota<\/i> methanolic extract on dimethyl nitrosamine\u2013induced hepatotoxicity in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0584-6402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Dejan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine Shiraz University  Shiraz 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Eskandari","family":"Roozbahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences  Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elaham","family":"Rahmanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Dermatology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0521-1424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Behmanesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Garmsar Branch, Department of Radiology Islamic Azad University  Garmsar Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamid 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