{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T08:47:23Z","timestamp":1785228443509,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Models and Exp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many kinds of orchids have significant health benefits although adequate research on their biological functions is yet to be carried out. This study investigated the paracetamol\u2010induced liver damage\u2013protecting effect of epiphytic <jats:italic>Aerides odorata<\/jats:italic> methanol extract (AODE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The protective effects of AODE were studied by analyzing its effect on liver function parameters, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, and tissue histopathological architecture. The results were confirmed by ligand\u2013receptor interaction of molecular docking and multitarget interaction of network pharmacological analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>AODE significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) minimized the dose\u2010dependent increase in acid phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, \u03b3\u2010glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and total bilirubin compared to the reference drug silymarin. Malondialdehyde level decreased, and the antioxidant genes catalase (<jats:italic>CAT<\/jats:italic>), superoxide dismutase (<jats:italic>SOD<\/jats:italic>), <jats:italic>\u03b2\u2010actin<\/jats:italic>, paraoxonase\u20101 (<jats:italic>PON1<\/jats:italic>), and phosphofructokinase\u20101 (<jats:italic>PFK\u20101<\/jats:italic>) were upregulated in AODE\u2010treated paracetamol\u2010intoxicated rats. A total of 376 compounds comprising phenols and flavonoids were identified using ultra\u2010high\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2010quadrupole time\u2010of\u2010flight\u2010mass spectrometry (UPLC\u2010qTOF\u2010MS). The online toxicity assessment using SwissADME and admetSAR exhibited drug\u2010like, nontoxic, and potential pharmacological properties. Additionally, in silico analysis showed that isoacteoside, one of the identified compounds, exhibited the best docking score (\u221211.42) with the liver protein human pituitary adenylate cyclase\u20101 (Protein Data Bank ID: 3N94). Furthermore, network pharmacology analysis identified the top 10 hub genes, namely <jats:italic>AKT1<\/jats:italic> (protein kinase B), <jats:italic>CTNNB1<\/jats:italic> (catenin beta\u20101), <jats:italic>SRC<\/jats:italic> (proto\u2010oncogene c\u2010Src), <jats:italic>TNF<\/jats:italic> (tumor necrosis factor), <jats:italic>EGFR<\/jats:italic> (epidermal growth factor receptor), <jats:italic>HSP90AA1<\/jats:italic> (<jats:bold>heat shock protein 90\u03b1<\/jats:bold>), <jats:italic>MAPK3<\/jats:italic> (mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase 3), <jats:italic>STAT3<\/jats:italic> (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), <jats:italic>CASP3<\/jats:italic> (caspase protein), and <jats:italic>ESR1<\/jats:italic> (estrogen receptor 1), which are responsible for hepatoprotective activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings demonstrate that AODE could be a novel hepatoprotective target in drug\u2010induced liver damage with a further single compound\u2013based animal study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T10:04:22Z","timestamp":1720519462000},"page":"497-522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Ultra\u2010high\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2010quadrupole time\u2010of\u2010flight\u2010mass spectrometry\u2010characterized extract of <i>Aerides odorata<\/i> Lour alleviates paracetamol\u2010induced hepatotoxicity in animal model evidenced by biochemical, molecular, and computational studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"A. M. Abu","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology University of Chittagong  Chittagong Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Chittagong  Chittagong Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4902-8923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Atiar","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Chittagong  Chittagong Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farjana","family":"Sharmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology University of Chittagong  Chittagong Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Chittagong  Chittagong Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. S. M. Ali","family":"Reza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Chittagong  Chittagong Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy International Islami University Chittagong  Chittagong Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Shahidul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Chittagong  Chittagong Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Mamunur","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Chittagong  Chittagong Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Khalid Juhani","family":"Rafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Chittagong  Chittagong Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanvir Ahmed","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Chittagong  Chittagong Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. 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