{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:34:51Z","timestamp":1791484491188,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009192","name":"Alberta Innovates","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CD\u201060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CD\u201060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009192","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009056","name":"Canadian Glycomics Network","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CD\u201050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CD\u201050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009056","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000040","name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2991"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000040","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Models and Exp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A multitude of mouse models are utilized to emulate and study intestinal inflammation. T\u2010cell receptor alpha chain (TCR\u03b1)\u2010deficient mice are used as a model of spontaneous colitis that has similarities with human ulcerative colitis. However, colitis is triggered late in the life of the mouse (age: 4\u20135\u2009months), and inflammation does not develop at the same time in different mice. A previously conducted study reported that the administration of the drug piroxicam triggered predictable and early colitis in TCR\u03b1\u2010deficient mice at the age of 6\u20138\u2009weeks. However, a detailed characterization of ensuing inflammation was not provided.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted an in\u2010depth examination of piroxicam\u2010triggered colitis in TCR\u03b1\u2010deficient mice, with emphasis on spatial histopathologic changes and analysis of expression of inflammatory markers. Furthermore, we tested amelioration of colitis with dexamethasone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We confirmed that piroxicam induced a time\u2010prescribed colitis and did so in the proximal colon as well as the cecum of TCR\u03b1\u2010deficient mice. Piroxicam administration was observed to induce epithelial hyperplasia, goblet cell loss, and leukocyte infiltration with occasional ulceration. A Swiss roll technique was used to examine the colon and cecum in its entirety. Importantly, we observed that inflammation was multifocal segmental, with areas of tissue damage in between healthy tissue. In addition, we observed variability in the severity of inflammation among replicate animals and treatments, and that the administration of dexamethasone only partially ameliorated inflammation in the proximal colon.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Piroxicam consistently induced multifocal segmental colitis in the proximal colon and cecum, although the degree of inflammation was reduced in the latter. Importantly, spatial variability in inflammation in the large intestine and the inter\u2010replicate variation in the severity of inflammation must be taken into consideration when utilizing this murine model of synchronized colitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T05:39:36Z","timestamp":1720762776000},"page":"533-543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessment of the piroxicam\u2010incited model of synchronized colitis in T\u2010cell receptor alpha chain\u2010deficient mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6028-4492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximo E.","family":"Lange","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lethbridge Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri\u2010Food Canada  Lethbridge Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danisa M.","family":"Bescucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lethbridge Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri\u2010Food Canada  Lethbridge Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie F.","family":"Boras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Health Services Chinook Regional Hospital  Lethbridge Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Montina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Lethbridge  Lethbridge Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre University of Lethbridge  Lethbridge Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1769-7863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G. Douglas","family":"Inglis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lethbridge Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri\u2010Food Canada  Lethbridge Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10208"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2017.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2016.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-394596-9.00009-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)80069-q"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002433"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.10.1749"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.10.5891"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-007-1563-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.11.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/54161"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08830180009048393"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mib.0000187582.90423.bc"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.11.5224-5231.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxn031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"T cell receptor\u2010alpha beta\u2010deficient mice fail to develop colitis in the absence of a microbial environment","volume":"150","author":"Dianda L","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065x.1999.tb01316.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"385","article-title":"Role of cytokines in the early stages of chronic colitis in TCR alpha\u2010mutant mice","volume":"76","author":"Mizoguchi E","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lab Investig"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0029(20000801)50:3<184::AID-JEMT2>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3661"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200211)32:11<3142::AID-IMMU3142>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.23023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.622934"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000218764.06959.91"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v10.i5.620"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2000.278.6.G829"}],"container-title":["Animal Models and Experimental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ame2.12456","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T04:17:59Z","timestamp":1725596279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ame2.12456"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ame2.12456"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ame2.12456","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2576-2095","2576-2095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2576-2095","type":"print"},{"value":"2576-2095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}