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Apart from early lifestyle changes, intervention options for T2D are mainly pharmaceutical.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been approved by the FDA as a therapeutic intervention option for major depressive disorders, with further studies also indicating its role in energy metabolism and appetite. Considering its safe and non\u2010invasive properties, we evaluated the effects of rTMS on systemic metabolism using T2D rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed that rTMS improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in T2D rats after a 10\u2010day exposure. Improved systemic insulin sensitivity was maintained after a 21\u2010day treatment period, accompanied by modest yet significant weight loss. Circulating serum lipid levels, including those of cholesteryl ester, tryglyceride and ceramides, were also reduced following rTMS application. RNA\u2010seq analyses further revealed a changed expression profile of hepatic genes that are related to sterol production and fatty acid metabolism. Altered expression of hypothalamic genes that are related to appetite regulation, neural activity and ether lipid metabolism were also implicated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In summary, our data report a positive impact of rTMS on systemic insulin sensitivity and weight management of T2D rats. The underlying mechanisms via which rTMS regulates systemic metabolic parameters partially involve lipid utilization in the periphery as well as central regulation of energy intake and lipid metabolism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T05:29:38Z","timestamp":1729661378000},"page":"739-749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation elicits weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Xuanjin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Institute of Biomedical Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College  Tianjin 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