{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T05:32:36Z","timestamp":1738819956762,"version":"3.37.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82204958","82305065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82204958","82305065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2020ZD17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2020ZD17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Models and Exp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previously, a chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model has been widely\u2010adopted for assessing depressive\u2010like behaviors in animals. However, there is still room for improvement in the CSDS model to safeguard study accuracy and the welfare of lab rodents. Our study team developed a novel, standardized apparatus to induce CSDS in rodents and assessed the model's practical adaptability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An innovative CSDS cage apparatus and water bottle was designed. To evaluate the effectiveness of the newly developed tools, a variety of animal models, including the tail suspension test (TST), sucrose preference test, forced swimming test (FST), novelty\u2010suppressed feeding test, female urine sniffing test, and open field test (OFT), were adopted to assess depressive\u2010like behaviors in mice. Fluoxetine treatment was also administered to observe the reversal effect, as part of the validation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The CSDS cage apparatus resulted in the manifestation of depressive\u2010like behaviors in the model mice. Significant reductions in sucrose preference and urine sniffing time were observed, while the OFT revealed decreased central zone total distance, residence time, and frequency of entry. Moreover, increased immobility was found in the FST and TST. Fluoxetine treatment was found to successfully reverse the modeling effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The CSDS cage apparatus was validated for enhanced usability and addressed the previous challenges of water bottle leakage and lab rodent welfare issues. The consistent results from multiple behavioral tests also supported real\u2010world application of the apparatus, offering researchers a promising alternative to conventional rodent cages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T04:34:24Z","timestamp":1733286864000},"page":"179-186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of a user\u2010friendly <scp>CSDS<\/scp> cage apparatus for studying depressive\u2010like behaviors in rodents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"High\u2010Level Key Disciplines of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Jinan China"},{"name":"Key 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