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Human umbilical cord blood\u2010derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB\u2010MSCs) and human umbilical cord\u2010derived MSCs (hUC\u2010MSCs) have been employed as promising sources of stem cells for cartilage injury repair. Reproduction of hyaline cartilage from MSCs remains a challenging endeavor. The paracrine factors secreted by chondrocytes possess the capability to induce chondrogenesis from MSCs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The conditioned medium derived from chondrocytes was utilized to induce chondrogenic differentiation of hUCB\u2010MSCs and hUC\u2010MSCs. The expression levels of collagen type I alpha 1 chain (<jats:italic>Col1a1<\/jats:italic>), collagen type II alpha 1 chain (<jats:italic>Col2a1<\/jats:italic>), and SRY\u2010box transcription factor 9 (<jats:italic>SOX9<\/jats:italic>) were assessed through quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (qRT\u2010PCR), Western blot (WB), and immunofluorescence (IF) assays. To elucidate the mechanism of differentiation, the concentration of transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b21 (TGF\u2010\u03b21) in the conditioned medium of chondrocytes was quantified using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Meanwhile, the viability of cells was assessed using Cell Counting Kit\u20108 (CCK\u20108) assays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The expression levels of <jats:italic>Col2a1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>SOX9<\/jats:italic> were found to be higher in induced hUC\u2010MSCs compared to those in induced hUCB\u2010MSCs. The conditioned medium of chondrocytes contained TGF\u2010\u03b21. The CCK\u20108 assays revealed that the proliferation rate of hUC\u2010MSCs was significantly higher compared to that of hUCB\u2010MSCs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The chondrogenic potential and proliferation capacity of hUC\u2010MSCs surpass those of hUCB\u2010MSCs, thereby establishing hUC\u2010MSCs as a superior source of seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T08:45:42Z","timestamp":1733733942000},"page":"793-801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Chondrogenic commitment of human umbilical cord blood and umbilical cord\u2010derived mesenchymal stem cells induced by the supernatant of chondrocytes: A comparison study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5044-8098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingfu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center)  Shenzhen China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National\u2010Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen University Medical School  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0522-8269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenhan","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center)  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abi7282"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaz4499"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202212114"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202104758"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.202000082"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.55664"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-021-10170-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21030708"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052425"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-023-03487-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01331-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0BM02103B"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518815151"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S336062"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2010.0406"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094868"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202204786"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-021-06450-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052499"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-03153-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-02813-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00897-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2020.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-02001-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26071831"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","first-page":"380","article-title":"Deciphering the Association of Cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells using an ex\u00a0vivo osteochondral culture system. 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