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Routine surface electrocardiograms (ECGs) and arterial blood pressures (aBPs) were recorded under general anesthesia in untreated and pharmacologically vagotomized mice injected with F2. Sublethal doses of F2 were tested for their effects on aBP, heart rate, and biochemical parameters such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum lactate levels. Histopathological changes in the heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys were evaluated after F2 administration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The acute LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of F2 was determined to be 5.11\u2009mg\/kg. A 10\u2009mg\/kg dose of F2 caused severe hypotension, second\u2010degree atrioventricular block, progressive prolongation of Pmurr intervals, and death due to cardiac asystole. Similar ECG and aBP changes were observed in atropine\u2010pretreated mice, indicating that cholinergic effects do not play a major role in F2\u2010induced toxicity. Sublethal doses of F2 (1.2 and 2.4\u2009mg\/kg) caused dose\u2010dependent decreases in aBP and increases in heart rate. F2 induced significant, dose\u2010dependent increases in LDH, BUN, and serum lactate levels. Histopathological analysis revealed acute lung lesions at 10\u2009mg\/kg, with no significant changes observed in the heart, liver, or kidneys.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute intravenous injection of F2 exhibits dose\u2010dependent cardiopulmonary toxicity, characterized by severe hypotension, arrhythmias, and biochemical changes. These findings highlight the potential risks of F2 and the need for further evaluation of its safety profile for therapeutic use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T10:45:57Z","timestamp":1737715557000},"page":"842-853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["In vivo toxic and lethal cardiorespiratory effects of a synthetic quaternary ammonium salt derivative of haloperidol in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4357-9502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jilin","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital Shantou University Medical College  Shantou Guangdong China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Shantou University Medical College  Shantou Guangdong 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