{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T02:39:36Z","timestamp":1792550376055,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Y19H280022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y19H280022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Models and Exp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a previous study, we found that Atractylodes macrocephala and Paeoniae radix (AM\u2010PR) was useful for the alleviation of functional constipation (FC). However, the precise mechanism underlying the compatibility between AM and PR in the treatment of FC remains uncertain. This study aims to analyze the pharmacokinetic differences in the active ingredients in the blood of rat models with FC when applied individually and in combination with AM\u2010PR. It also seeks to compare the changes in the content of the active ingredient when applied individually and in combination with in\u00a0vitro AM\u2010PR, further in\u2010depth investigation into its material foundation in terms of pharmacokinetics, as well as the composition of the substance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood microdialysis samples were collected using microdialysis technology. These samples from rats with FC were compared after administration of AM, PR, and AM\u2010PR. The concentration of the main active ingredients was determined using the Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography\u2010Tunable Ultraviolet (UPLC\u2010TUV) method. The concentration of the main active ingredients of the decoction compatibility before and after combining AM\u2010PR was also determined using the UPLC\u2010TUV method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings reveal that upon combination, the time to maximum concentration (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>) of isochlorogenic acid A (ICA\u2010A) and ataridolide II (ATR\u2010II) <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> was prolonged, terminal elimination half\u2010life (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\/2<\/jats:sub>) was reduced, and maximum plasma concentrations (<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>) increased. The <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> of ataridolide III (ATR\u2010III) remained consistent, whereas its <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\/2<\/jats:sub> and C<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> were significantly reduced. Conversely, for peoniflorin (PAE), <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> occurred sooner, <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\/2<\/jats:sub> was shortened, and <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> increased. The <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> for albiflorin (ALB) remained consistent, whereas <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\/2<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> witnessed significant increases. The area under the moment curve (AUMC) (0\u2013<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>) and AUMC (0\u2013\u221e) of PAE, ALB, ICA\u2010A, ATR\u2010II experienced an increase after AM\u2010PR administration in rats, attributable to the heightened <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>. In comparison to individual herb administration, the <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> of ALB was advanced in combination, the <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> of PAE remained unchanged, and the <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> of ICA\u2010A and ART\u2010II was delayed, with an increased area under the concentration\u2013time curve (AUC) (0\u2013<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>), indicating enhanced <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> and bioavailability. Furthermore, the dissolution rates of PAE, ICA\u2010A, and ATR\u2010II significantly improved after compatibility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study partially clarifies the rationale and compatibility of AM\u2010PR in treating FC and offers a new perspective on the pharmacokinetic interactions of AM\u2010PR in FC treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T12:23:46Z","timestamp":1737980626000},"page":"874-885","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pharmacokinetic analysis on compatibility of <i>Atractylodes macrocephala<\/i> and <i>Paeoniae radix<\/i> herb pair ameliorates functional constipation model rats using microdialysis with ultra\u2010performance liquid 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