{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:27:24Z","timestamp":1786976844236,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":216,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Models and Exp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the name used to describe several potentially life\u2010threatening infections and disorders that happen when HIV has severely compromised the immune system. The primary effect of HIV is to decrease host immunity, exposing the host to external pathogens. The development of pharmaceutical drugs that directly cure the infection is crucial because of the current wide\u2010ranging epidemic of HIV. Most therapeutic anti\u2010HIV drugs are nucleosides. However, their high toxicity and potential for drug resistance restrict their use. Many of the most effective clinical drugs used to inhibit HIV, the activation of latent HIV, and AIDS have been obtained from natural sources. This review focuses on potential natural medicinal products for treating and managing HIV and AIDS. Notwithstanding, further clinical research studies are needed to understand the subject and its dynamics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T04:49:29Z","timestamp":1739249369000},"page":"441-457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Bird's eye view of natural products for the development of new anti\u2010\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    agents: Understanding from a therapeutic viewpoint"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Md.","family":"Al Amin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Daffodil International University  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed H.","family":"Nafady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology Misr University for Science and Technology  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrukh","family":"Zehravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Dentistry &amp; Pharmacy Buraydah Private Colleges  Buraydah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherouk Hussein","family":"Sweilam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Egyptian Russian University  Badr Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy Girls Section Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University  Al\u2010Kharj Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kusuma Praveen","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), Govt. of N.C.T. of Delhi  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Akiful Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy Anurag University  Hyderabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aziz","family":"Unnisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy University of Ha'il  Ha'il Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laliteshwar Pratap","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Narayan Institute of Pharmacy Gopal Narayan Singh University  Sasaram (Rohtas) Bihar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Sayeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy Anurag University  Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Ali","family":"Alshehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science University of Tabuk  Tabuk Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irfan","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science King Khalid University  Abha Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talha Bin","family":"Emran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Daffodil International University  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0606-0966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Zia","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Science and Technology Chittagong  Chattogram Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","unstructured":"(UNAIDS) JUNP on H.Global HIV & AIDS statistics\u20102020 fact sheet. www unaids org\/en\/resources\/fact\u2010sheet. Published online 2020. Accessed September 7 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.13151"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Studies on the prevalence of HIV\/AIDS in Bangladesh including other developing countries","author":"Rahman M","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Tradit Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.80348"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186755"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2015.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S167826"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-0825.2002.00017.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2006.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4269-3-6"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_16_13_1","first-page":"689","article-title":"Natural products, alone or in combination with FDA\u2010approved drugs, to treat COVID\u201019 and lung cancer","volume":"9","author":"Yang L","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.04.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_15_1","volume-title":"Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic\u2010Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.337.6091.168"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-809853-0.00019-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874613601913010007"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.337.6096.798"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.2947"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_16_21_1","first-page":"74","article-title":"Ethnomedicinal plants and other natural products with anti\u2010HIV active compounds and their putative modes of action","volume":"1","author":"Chinsembu KC","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Biotechnol Mol Biol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01444"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa123"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.68.3.311"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-011110-130254"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_16_26_1","first-page":"80","article-title":"HIV\u2010associated opportunistic infections. Bacterial infections","volume":"54","author":"El Atrouni W","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Liban"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0B013E328353F3F1"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2009.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2004.06.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112932"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25092070"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S13580-018-0014-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np9700275"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5100904"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/S-2000-8601"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2004.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/S-2002-20058"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/S-2006-957384"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0896(00)82054-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.10034"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(99)00554-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ3440085"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312638"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np960250m"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np50073a012"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np50080a008"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np0101189"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.23.1072"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np990281s"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/S-2006-960792"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_51_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial and thrombolytic activity of Eleocharis dulcis (Cyperaceae) fruits of methanol extract","volume":"2","author":"Islam F","year":"2019","journal-title":"Evaluation"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np9800710"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np960165e"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2018.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-818006"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np50097a017"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003150336-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(99)00556-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(01)00112-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1573(199702)11:1"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043323"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_62_1","first-page":"504","article-title":"Chemical diversity and activity profiles of HIV\u20101 reverse transcriptase inhibitors from plants","volume":"29","author":"Chinsembu KC","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Bras"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np50117a007"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_64_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Bioactive natural products in COVID\u201019 therapy","volume":"13","author":"Wang Z","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25010183"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(94)00757-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np50109a004"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0896(97)00118-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S10719-012-9440-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-5-28"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00038A003"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0162-3109(93)90010-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S11418-011-0513-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/NP990633V"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_16_75_1","first-page":"90","article-title":"Effects of aqueous leaf extract of vernonia amygdalina on blood glucose and triglyceride levels of alloxan\u2013induced diabetic rats (Rattus rattus)","volume":"1","author":"Akah P","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anim Res Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np000372l"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.01.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np020029b"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np50104a003"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2880717"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-8741(02)00009-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0024-3205(01)01023-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612826666201106093912"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_84_1","first-page":"1208","article-title":"Effect of antivirals on viruses \u2013 a review","volume":"25","author":"Vignesh M","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Rom Soc Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-04014-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_86_1","volume-title":"International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ajhs.v9i1.30758"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429284267-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14101009"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np020379y"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_16_91_1","first-page":"5168","article-title":"In\u2010vitro screening of reverse transcriptase activityof selected Indian medicinal plants against human immunodeficiency virus type\u20101","volume":"7","author":"Priyadarshini K","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Mol Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1573"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/PR.117.013706"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2010.02.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JEP.2020.113163"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_16_96_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of Alpinia galanga against neurodegeneration in the rat hippocampus induced by kainic acid","volume":"13","author":"Sriraksa N","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Sci Sci Technol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13005\/bpj\/2079"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578X0900400902"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/AJPP2018.4917"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11010019"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-951748"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194498"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.7b00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-26157-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2016.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(12)60038-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-9-29"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087487"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(97)85587-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a007161"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00093a004"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21448\/ijsm.714108"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2006.03.008"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_16_114_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"A review of chemical components and pharmacological effects of Melissa officinalis L","volume":"8","author":"Miraj S","year":"2016","journal-title":"Der Pharm Lett"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02857422"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/CBDV.202100540"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S12906-020-2816-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-8844.99883"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.004215"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S12562-009-0074-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules20010648"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/CR4006318"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S10126-015-9677-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24193486"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1529-8817.1998.340195.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/b:japh.0000047781.24993.0a"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-006-0510-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b600518g"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(91)85135-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md8040988"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SAJB.2019.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11756-022-01057-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24213821"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570180815666180801120440"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2019-0071"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2008.07.078"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md8122871"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CARBPOL.2008.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-2244(99)00017-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_16_140_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Therapeutic prospectives of chitin, chitosan and their derivatives","volume":"11","author":"Kim SK","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Chitin Chitosan"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/masy.200850426"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2009.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1007-0214(07)70054-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.30450"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reactfunctpolym.2006.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2006.06.021"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_16_147_1","first-page":"3631","article-title":"Inhibition by sulfated chitin derivatives of invasion through extracellular matrix and enzymatic degradation by metastatic melanoma cells","volume":"50","author":"Saiki I","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02738045"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2004.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291x(91)91443-g"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6215(97)10081-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2009.12.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00609"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2006.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0032-9592(99)00118-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0144-8617(99)00084-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/s11535-009-0066-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2004.10.012"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_16_159_1","first-page":"1476","article-title":"ACE inhibitory and antihypertensive effect of chitosan oligosaccharides in SHR","volume":"30","author":"Hong SP","year":"1998","journal-title":"Korean J Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf034039"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_16_161_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Preparation of hetero\u2010chitooligosaccharides and their antimicrobial activity on Vibrio parahaemolyticus","volume":"14","author":"Park PJ","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2009.04.044"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_16_163_1","first-page":"503","article-title":"Antitumor activity of chitosan oligosaccharides produced in ultrafiltration membrane reactor system","volume":"12","author":"Jeon YJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_16_164_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Potential immuno\u2010stimulating effect of antitumoral fraction of chitosan oligosaccharides","volume":"6","author":"Jeon YJ","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Chitin Chitosan"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i5.725"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3746\/jkfn.2005.34.1.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.18.1623"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2009.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-004-0977-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_16_170_1","first-page":"80","article-title":"Chitosan oligosaccharides inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3\u2010L1 adipocytes","volume":"18","author":"Cho EJ","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2009.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2014.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3083728"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4155729"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X13666141210221750"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np980140a"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2017.0232"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2018.1428588"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5552088"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.5.1379-1386.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000026"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/487439a"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI80565"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2014.05.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00169"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm443"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00778-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3489"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168027"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI80142"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-007-0235-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1251193"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.10.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_196_1","volume-title":"Chinese Herbal Medicine: Materia Medica","author":"Bensky D","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027122"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules201018095"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105972"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.02.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6144733"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.02.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6020844"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12071908"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142739"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_16_206_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"The prevalence and characteristics of HIV\/AIDS patients presenting at a chiropractic outpatient clinic in Toronto, Ontario. A retrospective, observational study","volume":"62","author":"Injeyan HS","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Can Chiropr Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27051713"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112790"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10071007"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.1c01758"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1322870"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_212_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199608010-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imr.2022.100918"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.16.9.1355"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_16_215_1","first-page":"1065","article-title":"Preliminary efficacy and safety of oral suspension SH, combination of five Chinese medicinal herbs, in people living with HIV\/AIDS; the phase I\/II study","volume":"87","author":"Kusum M","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thail"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_16_216_1","first-page":"704","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of zidovudine and zalcitabine combined with a combination of herbs in the treatment of HIV\u2010infected Thai patients","volume":"36","author":"Sangkitporn S","year":"2005","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_16_217_1","article-title":"Herbal medicines for treating HIV infection and AIDS","volume":"2005","author":"Liu JP","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["Animal Models and Experimental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ame2.12563","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T02:47:40Z","timestamp":1741834060000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ame2.12563"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"references-count":216,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ame2.12563"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ame2.12563","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2576-2095","2576-2095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2576-2095","type":"print"},{"value":"2576-2095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}