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These complications led us to refine the anesthetic protocol. This publication describes the impact of the choice of anesthetics on the results obtained.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pigs were euthanized at the end of the procedure, without recovery from anesthesia. Three anesthetic protocols were used: sevoflurane inhalation (ProtocolA, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095), a combination of ketamine, medetomidine and diazepam by intravenous infusion (ProtocolB, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095), and a combination of ketamine, diazepam, medetomidine, glucose, and noradrenaline (ProtocolC, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095). All pigs received morphine for analgesia. AKI was induced by interrupting renal perfusion for 90\u2009min. MH was diagnosed based on clinical and biological parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All MH pigs belonged to ProtocolA. MH pigs showed significantly higher maximum rectal temperature (<jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u20090.04), maximum expired carbon dioxide (CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>; <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u20090.04), maximum heart rate (HR; <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u20090.03), plasma concentration of creatinine and potassium (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Protocol A pigs had a significantly higher maximum HR (<jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u20090.01) and hyperkalemia compared to the two other groups (ProtocolB, <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u20090.005 and ProtocolC, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Pigs from ProtocolA had a significantly lower minimum mean arterial pressure (MAP) than ProtocolC group (<jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u20090.03) and MAP remained below 60\u2009mmHg for longer (<jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u20090.004). In ProtocolB, minimum glycemia was lower than other groups (<jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u20090.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sevoflurane use was associated with the occurrence of MH, hemodynamic alterations and changes in plasma concentration of creatinine and potassium. These modifications can have a major impact on the validation of an experimental AKI model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.70014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T02:33:33Z","timestamp":1742438013000},"page":"1493-1502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of different anesthetic protocols during anesthesia for the establishment of a porcine model of acute kidney injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3765-8647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Axel","family":"Guilpin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MexBrain  Villeurbanne France"},{"name":"UR APCSe Agressions Pulmonaires et Circulatoires Dans le Sepsis, VetAgro Sup Universit\u00e9 de Lyon  Marcy l'Etoile 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