{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:55:38Z","timestamp":1766019338411,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82204006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82204006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Models and Exp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is well recognized that developing new animal models, refining the existing mouse models, and thoroughly characterizing their features are essential for gaining a deeper understanding of rosacea pathogenesis and for advancing therapeutic strategies in this direction. Accordingly, we aimed to characterize the pathological features of a long\u2010term LL\u201037\u2010induced mouse model of rosacea and to compare the disease manifestations and pathophysiological characteristics between short\u2010term and long\u2010term LL\u201037\u2010induced models. A key focus was to investigate differential gene expression and the underlying mechanisms of immune system dysregulation in these models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We comparatively assessed skin lesion manifestations, the extent of inflammatory infiltration, sebaceous gland alterations, fibrosis, and angiogenesis in both models. Assessments were performed using photographic documentation, hematoxylin\u2013eosin (HE) staining, Van Gieson's (VG) staining, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. Furthermore, we employed RNA sequencing to analyze differential gene expression in mouse skin. The RNA sequencing data were validated using immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting, with a specific focus on gene variations and mechanisms related to immune system dysregulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mice subjected to long\u2010term LL\u201037 induction developed rosacea\u2010like pathological features, including angiogenesis, thickened skin tissue, and sebaceous gland hypertrophy. In the short\u2010term LL\u201037\u2010induced model, immune dysregulation primarily involved the innate immune response. However, long\u2010term LL\u201037 induction resulted in significant activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The long\u2010term LL\u201037\u2010induced mouse model offers a valuable animal model for the detailed investigation of the pathological mechanisms driving moderate\u2010to\u2010severe rosacea with prolonged disease duration. Importantly, this model provides a significant experimental foundation for exploring the potential role of immune system dysregulation in rosacea pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.70020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:24:16Z","timestamp":1745886256000},"page":"1667-1676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative analysis of short\u2010term and long\u2010term\n                    <scp>LL<\/scp>\n                    \u201037\u2010induced rosacea\u2010like mouse models: Histopathological features and inflammatory immune responses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4539-3420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiling","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology North China University of Science and Technology 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