{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T19:15:23Z","timestamp":1775330123586,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82460210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82460210"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Models and Exp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetic retinal neuropathy (DRN) leads to significant visual impairment; however, no existing animal model fully replicates its neural alterations, and inconsistent induction protocols with high mortality rates hinder long\u2010term investigations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult male rabbits were randomly assigned to four experimental groups, each receiving a single intravenous injection of varying doses of alloxan and one control group. The safety and efficacy of alloxan in inducing diabetes were evaluated to determine the optimal dose. At 9\u2009weeks following injection with alloxan, retinal function was assessed using full\u2010field electroretinography (ERG) and visual evoked potentials (VEPs). Retinal structure was examined in rabbits using spectral\u2010domain optical coherence tomography (SD\u2010OCT), Optos ultra\u2010widefield (Optos UWF) false\u2010color imaging, and widefield fundus fluorescein angiography (WF\u2010FFA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Rabbits in the 80\u2009mg\/kg alloxan group exhibited fewer complications, lower mortality, and a higher model success rate compared to other groups. At 9\u2009weeks post\u2010injection, these rabbits demonstrated significantly elevated hemoglobin A1c and total cholesterol (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) relative to controls. ERG revealed statistically significant reductions in oscillatory potential and b\u2010wave amplitudes (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), while VEP indicated decreased P2 amplitude (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and prolonged P2 latency (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). SD\u2010OCT, Optos UWF imaging, and WF\u2010FFA demonstrated no significant changes in vascular abnormalities. Additionally, Hematoxylin and Eosin staining revealed retinal swelling (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), and immunofluorescence confirmed glial activation and neuronal loss.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single intravenous injection of 80\u2009mg\/kg alloxan effectively and safely induced DRN in rabbits, resulting in neural retina damage, thereby establishing this model as an ideal model for DRN research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.70032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T05:52:25Z","timestamp":1750312345000},"page":"1552-1566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Establishment of a novel alloxan\u2010induced rabbit model exhibiting unique diabetic retinal neuropathy features assessed via\n                    <scp>ERG<\/scp>\n                    +\n                    <scp>VEP<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Xinlu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Science and Technology Kunming University of Science and Technology  Kunming China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology  Kunming China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province  Kunming China"},{"name":"Medical School Kunming University of Science and Technology  Kunming China"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Medicine Research The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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