{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:23:53Z","timestamp":1791980633003,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Models and Exp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The maturation of the immune system is critical during early life, as it involves the differentiation, maturation, and establishment of immune tolerance of immune cells. This process is influenced not only by genetic factors but also by environmental factors, particularly the symbiotic microbiota.\n                      <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium animalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      subsp. lactis (BB\u201012), originally found in dairy products, is widely used in infant formula and dietary supplements. However, its role and mechanisms in immune development during early life remain unclear.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using GF mice as the experimental model,\n                      <jats:italic>B. animalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      subsp. lactis BB\u201012 was administered via gavage during early life. In the juvenile stage, changes in T\u2010cell subsets in the spleen, thymus, and gut intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) were assessed using spectral flow cytometry. Additionally, targeted metabolomics analysis of tryptophan metabolism and short\u2010chain fatty acid pathways in colonic tissue was conducted to explore how\n                      <jats:italic>B. animalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      subsp. lactis BB\u201012 influences the immune system through gut microbiota metabolism.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BB\u201012 effectively modulates the gut immune microenvironment, leading to beneficial changes in T\u2010cell subsets in key immune tissues such as the spleen, thymus, and gut IELs. Metabolomics analysis further supports these findings by showing that BB\u201012 intervention greatly increased the production of tryptophan derivatives and acetic acid in the colon of GF mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The findings provide theoretical evidence for the role of\n                      <jats:italic>B. animalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      subsp. lactis in immune system development and support its application in dietary supplements, suggesting potential as a component for infant immune health and in preventing immune\u2010related diseases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.70034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T01:44:41Z","timestamp":1748483081000},"page":"965-976","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["<i>Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis<\/i>\n                    modulates early\u2010life immune response and gut metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Haoming","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis &amp; Infection Prevention and Control Jinan University, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Germ\u2010Free Animals and Microbiota Application, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences Jinan University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiran","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis &amp; Infection Prevention and Control Jinan University, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Germ\u2010Free Animals and Microbiota Application, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences Jinan University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lulu","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis &amp; Infection Prevention and Control Jinan University, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Germ\u2010Free Animals and Microbiota Application, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences Jinan University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxing","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H&amp;H Group, H&amp;H Research, China Research and Innovation  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingling","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H&amp;H Group, H&amp;H Research, China Research and Innovation  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruibiao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H&amp;H Group, H&amp;H Research, China Research and Innovation  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis &amp; Infection Prevention and Control Jinan University, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Germ\u2010Free Animals and Microbiota Application, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences Jinan University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengming","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Gnotobio Biotechnology Co., Ltd.  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