{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:27:12Z","timestamp":1786976832302,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82173399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82173399"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005089","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022QNRC001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022QNRC001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005089","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7252096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7252096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Models and Exp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) constitutes 90% of oral tumors. Advanced cases severely impair patients' life quality of life due to anatomical location and limited therapies. Conventional treatments often induce drug resistance or recurrence. Patient\u2010derived xenograft (PDX) models are widely used to simulate tumor progression and drug responses, serving as translational tools for precision medicine. This study aimed to establish drug\u2010resistant OSCC PDX models. Human OSCC tissues were transplanted into immunodeficient mice and passaged (P1\u2013P2). At P2 (tumor volume: 40\u201380\u2009mm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), mice received cisplatin (1\u2009mg\/kg, three times\/week) with cetuximab (1\u2009mg\/kg, weekly), GSK690693 (10\u2009mg\/kg, five times\/week), or rapamycin (4\u2009mg\/kg, five times\/week). PDX tissues from groups with less\u2010therapeutic response (manifested as larger tumor volumes) were serially passaged to assess treatment efficacy. Tumor tissues with diminished drug sensitivity underwent histopathological analysis and identified stability of their tumor characteristics using hematoxylin\u2013eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical staining after one additional passage and retreatment. Results demonstrated that successive passaging accelerates tumor growth. First\u2010generation treatments showed universal sensitivity. At P2, cisplatin\u2013cetuximab and rapamycin groups remained sensitive, whereas GSK690693 efficacy declined. Continued passaging of GSK690693\u2010treated tumors confirmed resistance, as evidenced by exhibiting enhanced malignant characteristics at histological level. The GSK690693\u2010resistant model was established first, whereas resistant models of other treatment groups were established according to similar protocols. These findings suggest that sequential passaging and drug exposure in PDX models recapitulated clinical tumor evolution, enabling the development of drug\u2010resistant OSCC models. This study can offer methodological insights for precision therapy of OSCC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.70066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T13:26:18Z","timestamp":1754659578000},"page":"1513-1523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Establishment of a patient\u2010derived drug\u2010resistant oral squamous cell carcinoma animal model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2684-1448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuanni","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, International Center for Technology and Innovation of Animal Model, Comparative Medicine Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Peking 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Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3284-3643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinlong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, International Center for Technology and Innovation of Animal Model, Comparative Medicine Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6261-1232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuan","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human 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