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There are many laboratory models of active SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection in mice, reflecting an acute lung injury in an otherwise healthy animal, but there is a lack of accurate animal models of the postviral inflammatory phase of the COVID\u201019 lung reflecting severe disease. The monocrotaline (MCT)\u2013treated rat is a widely used laboratory model of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Not often discussed, however, are the observed changes in inflammation, edema, fibrosis, and microthrombosis in the lung prior to PH. At the cellular level, there is loss of pneumocytes and endotheliopathy, and at the molecular level the MCT rat lung is characterized by a pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine profile, namely elevated interleukin 6, transforming growth factor \u03b2 and tumor necrosis factor, M1 macrophage phenotype, and dysregulation of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)\/ACE2 balance. The systems\u2010level pathophysiology of the MCT\u2010treated rat includes progressive cardiopulmonary dysfunction. The MCT\u2010treated rat clearly differs from the COVID\u201019 lung in terms of the triggers for pathology, but there are many parallels apparent in both the MCT\u2010treated rat and the COVID\u201019 lung. The MCT\u2010treated rat lung as a model of the COVID\u201019 lung may provide an in\u2010depth understanding of the factors that drive the lung to more severe pathology, treatments that benefit lung recovery, or the factors that prove a useful research platform for future emerging respiratory threats of similar pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.70099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T09:15:19Z","timestamp":1760692519000},"page":"1785-1793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Revisiting the monocrotaline\u2010treated rat as a model of inflammatory lung disease:\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 and future pandemic threats?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2257-6874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke 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