{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T08:51:13Z","timestamp":1773391873748,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012774","name":"Innovationsfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Models and Exp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Integrins facilitate binding to the extracellular matrix and other cells. Their subunit \u03b22 is exclusively expressed by leukocytes, binds to the intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM\u20101), and is pivotal for their recruitment to sites of inflammation such as the atherosclerotic plaque.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate \u03b22\u2010integrin\u2013mediated adhesiveness, a well\u2010established assay for human whole blood was adapted for the analysis of murine T cell subsets. Changes in avidity and affinity were assessed by incubation of murine complexes ICAM\u20101 in murine whole blood and consecutive stimulation with PMA and Mg\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/EGTA. Underlying signaling pathways in \u03b22\u2010integrin\u2013mediated adhesiveness upon chemokine stimulation with CCL\u201019 were identified by incubation with reducing substances, and a Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      chelator and ROS and Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      measurements were carried out.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Incubation of murine whole blood with PMA leads to 30\u2010fold and Mg\n                      <jats:sup>2+\/<\/jats:sup>\n                      EGTA to 65\u2010fold increase in \u03b22\u2010integrin\u2013mediated adhesiveness of T cells. Specificity of the assay was proven by preincubation of a blocking antibody, leading to a 60% reduction in adhesion capacity. ROS species and Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      are crucial for chemokine\u2010mediated \u03b22\u2010integrin activation. In\u00a0vivo relevance was proven by induction of T cell adhesiveness in whole blood of mice upon myocardial infarction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our assay allows specific quantification of \u03b22\u2010integrin\u2013mediated affinity and avidity of T cells in whole blood samples. In congruence to human adhesion, these mechanisms are ROS and Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      dependent and significantly elevated after myocardial infarction. Our refined and robust assay may be of particular use in phenotyping involved mechanisms in T cell activation in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.70155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T08:18:14Z","timestamp":1772957894000},"page":"319-328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ligand\u2010complex\u2013based quantification of \u03b22\u2010integrin\u2013mediated affinity and avidity of murine T cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1884-5656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Therre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg Ruprecht\u2010Karls\u2010University Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg\/Mannheim  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine Saarland University Hospital  Homburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. A.","family":"Kuhnle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg Ruprecht\u2010Karls\u2010University Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg\/Mannheim  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. M.","family":"Arndt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics University Hospital Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg Ruprecht\u2010Karls\u2010University Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg\/Mannheim  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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