{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:14:39Z","timestamp":1791360879898,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRC\/CG21APR1010\u2010SAMURAI\/Pre\u2010Clinical Core Platform\/2021_SERI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/CG21APR1010\u2010SAMURAI\/Pre\u2010Clinical Core Platform\/2021_SERI"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Models and Exp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma, making animal models of ocular hypertension (OHT) foundational for research. Steroid\u2010induced OHT is a strong candidate model, yet published steroid models rarely provide quantitative guidance on how route, dose, and schedule shape the pressure\u2013time course, leaving laboratories to pilot protocols and hindering cross\u2010study comparisons. We examined an OHT model using depot dexamethasone acetate injections, and systematically characterized IOP profiles in C57BL\/6J mice across two injection routes (subconjunctival or periorbital), two dosing schedules (3 doses\/1\u2009week; 5 doses\/4\u2009weeks), and two concentrations (20\u2009\u03bcL, 10 or 20\u2009mg\/mL). Steroid exposure produced OHT in every treated mouse, occurring rapidly by day 2, peaking on days 27\u201331, and declining to baseline by day 98. Maximum IOP increased ~90%\u2013100% above baseline (from ~11\u201312\u2009mmHg to ~22\u201323\u2009mmHg). Increasing the dosing regimen from three to five doses modestly raised mean IOP over the study period without changing maximum IOP and peak timing. Increasing dexamethasone concentration increased maximum and mean IOP, without prolonging the duration of IOP elevation. Subconjunctival and periorbital injections were performed similarly, with consistent responses across sexes and minimal diurnal variation. These results provide researchers with clear benchmarks for selecting steroid regimens, guide interpretation of therapeutic effects, and offer a reproducible, practical platform for glaucoma research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.70177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T06:57:01Z","timestamp":1775199421000},"page":"838-844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Time\u2010course characterization of intraocular pressure in murine steroid\u2010induced ocular hypertension: Effects of route, schedule, and concentration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2640-6909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas Y. Q.","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore National Eye Centre  Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute  Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme Duke\u2010NUS Medical School  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai Bo Bo","family":"Tun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hla Myint","family":"Htoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veluchamy Amutha","family":"Barathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute  Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme Duke\u2010NUS Medical School  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina T.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore National Eye Centre  Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute  Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme Duke\u2010NUS Medical School  Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000328630"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2008.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000122"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55060280"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)28751-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(05)80210-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2410"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Evaluation of the myocilin (MYOC) glaucoma gene in monkey and human steroid\u2010induced ocular hypertension","volume":"42","author":"Fingert JH","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000086946"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"751","article-title":"Limbal microvasculature of the rat eye","volume":"36","author":"Morrison JC","year":"1995","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2014.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13699"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-2-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0504"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2006.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14429"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1963.00960050502012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-l0028-1226"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2016.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5430"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI69774"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.11.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2019.1657462"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063328"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.6.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-11223"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24785"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.3.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12576-024-00905-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.66.11.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-16720"}],"container-title":["Animal Models and Experimental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ame2.70177","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ame2.70177","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ame2.70177","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T14:53:28Z","timestamp":1780844008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ame2.70177"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ame2.70177"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ame2.70177","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2576-2095","2576-2095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2576-2095","type":"print"},{"value":"2576-2095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}