{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T22:18:14Z","timestamp":1783117094903,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82205251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82205251"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82274638"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274638"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Models and Exp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Current models of endometriosis (EMs) still have limitations in replicating the key pathological features of human EMs, particularly the cyclic bleeding associated with ectopic lesions. To address this gap, this study aimed to develop a proof\u2010of\u2010concept mouse model that incorporates repeated retrograde hemorrhagic exposure through the intraperitoneal injection of endometrial fragments, followed by repeated intraperitoneal injections of fresh whole blood. An EMs model was established in female C57BL\/6J mice via intraperitoneal injection of endometrial fragments combined with saline or whole blood, respectively. The model was systematically evaluated using ectopic lesion burden, peritoneal adhesion scores, histopathological staining, immunohistochemistry, enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010qPCR). Both models successfully recapitulated the fundamental pathological features of EMs. However, the intraperitoneal injection of whole blood (IPBI) protocol induced a markedly greater lesion burden, together with more pronounced histopathological and molecular alterations, and recapitulated repeated exposure to retrograde menstruation. In addition, the IPBI group exhibited more robust systemic biomarker responses, indicating enhanced clinical relevance. The present study successfully established a proof\u2010of\u2010concept EMs mouse model that introduces repeated retrograde hemorrhagic exposure to create a clinically relevant, blood\u2010stimulated microenvironment. This model provides a reliable tool for investigating the pathogenesis of EMs and developing therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.70205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T12:01:56Z","timestamp":1778068916000},"page":"1037-1046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A novel mouse model of endometriosis: Simulating the recurrent hemorrhagic microenvironment of clinical lesions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1454-7962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Qinghai University Medical College  Xining China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Acupuncture\u2010Moxibustion and Health\u2010Rehabilitation Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Qinghai University Medical College  Xining China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoquan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Acupuncture\u2010Moxibustion and Health\u2010Rehabilitation Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Qinghai University Medical College  Xining China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangjun","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Acupuncture\u2010Moxibustion and Health\u2010Rehabilitation Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuping","family":"Sa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Qinghai University Medical College  Xining China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4476-4738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youbing","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Acupuncture\u2010Moxibustion and Health\u2010Rehabilitation Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Nanjing China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2024.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1810764"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103752"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoac009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002\u20109378(15)30003\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"745","article-title":"\u00dceber den stand der Frage der Adenomyositis und Adenomyome in algemeinen und insbesondere \u00fcber ber Adenomyositis serosoepithelialis und Adenomyometritis sarcomatosa","volume":"43","author":"Meyer R","year":"1919","journal-title":"Zbl Gyn\u00e4kol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002\u20109378(91)90252\u2010m"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"780","article-title":"Endometrial induction of endometriosis across Millipore filters","volume":"94","author":"Merrill JA","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.986202"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dml026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xfnr.2025.100091"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456\u2010012\u20109299\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2024.104219"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.806574"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.961599"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929\u2010022\u201000883\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24875\/CIRU.23000072"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232315348"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26062458"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.36729"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2019.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958\u2010022\u201001040\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abq5858"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/4.12.1150"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958\u2010019\u20100512\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719109333661"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem262"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.112.100883"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020\u2010024\u201000973\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.10.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471\u20100528.14055"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015\u20100282(16)49333\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/dir.2018.17479"}],"container-title":["Animal Models and Experimental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ame2.70205","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ame2.70205","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ame2.70205","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T21:35:17Z","timestamp":1783114517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ame2.70205"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ame2.70205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ame2.70205","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2576-2095","2576-2095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2576-2095","type":"print"},{"value":"2576-2095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}