{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:22:14Z","timestamp":1790709734139,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFF0710600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF0710600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Models and Exp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The contribution of gut microbiota to the early stage of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains incompletely understood. This study established a germ\u2010free mouse model colonized with gut microbiota from donors with T2D to determine whether diabetes\u2010associated microbiota could induce early diabetes\u2010like phenotypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Human fecal samples were collected from 18 healthy donors and 14 donors with T2D for microbiota profiling. Based on these features, samples from 12 healthy donors and 3 donors with T2D were selected, pooled within each group, and transplanted into germ\u2010free mice, generating a healthy microbiota recipient group (HM,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200914) and a diabetes\u2010associated microbiota recipient group (DM,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200913). Glucose homeostasis was assessed over 10\u2009weeks using fasting blood glucose and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests. Gut microbial succession was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Fecal and plasma metabolomics were performed to identify metabolic and their associations with microbial changes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      DM mice developed an early diabetes\u2010like phenotype characterized by progressive impairment of glucose tolerance, reduced insulin levels, and mild renal alterations, without sustained overt fasting hyperglycemia. Microbial divergence emerged before stable metabolic dysfunction and was accompanied by persistent dysbiosis in DM mice. Integrated metabolomic analysis identified coordinated alterations in fecal and plasma metabolites, with cholic acid and L\u2010Dopa decreased in both compartments. L\u2010Dopa showed consistent associations with altered genera, particularly\n                      <jats:italic>Ruminococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Sellimonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transplanting diabetes\u2010associated human gut microbiota effectively induced early glucose dysregulation in germ\u2010free recipient mice. This model provides a framework for studying microbiota\u2010associated events during early T2D\u2010related metabolic deterioration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.70229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T09:28:57Z","timestamp":1782466137000},"page":"1202-1216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Early diabetes\u2010like phenotypes in germ\u2010free mice induced by gut microbiota from patients with type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jianghao","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing P.R. 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