{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T15:46:48Z","timestamp":1791733608268,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Models and Exp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypertrophic scars (HS) are a common fibrotic disorder in skin wound healing, characterized by excessive fibroblast proliferation and abnormal collagen deposition, with an incidence reaching 40%\u201370% in burn patients. Current treatments (e.g., corticosteroid injections) face challenges such as high recurrence rates and significant adverse effects, highlighting the urgent need for reliable animal models to investigate pathogenesis and develop novel therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty\u2010eight male Sprague\u2013Dawley (SD) rats were used to systematically compare modeling efficacy across auricular (3.5\u2009mm corneal trephine), dorsal (linear incision\/tension\/full\u2010thickness excision), and caudal (linear incision\/tension) sites. Each subgroup contained 12 rats (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200912\/group). Scar formation was evaluated over 60\u2009days via macroscopic observation, Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) scoring, H&amp;E\/Masson staining (fibroblast density\/collagen deposition), and immunofluorescence \u03b1\u2010smooth muscle actin (\u03b1\u2010SMA), transforming growth factor beta (TGF\u2010\u03b2), type I collagen\/type III collagen (COL I\/III).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The caudal tension group demonstrated optimal outcomes, with scar thickness (0.394\u2009\u00b1\u20090.006\u2009mm), fibroblast density (1079\u2009\u00b1\u2009118 cells\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), and collagen deposition (90.6%\u2009\u00b1\u20092.4%) significantly higher than other groups (***\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), alongside sustained upregulation of \u03b1\u2010SMA and TGF\u2010\u03b2. The auricular site was excluded due to rapid self\u2010healing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The tension method on the tail is a simple, stable, and clinically relevant HS model, effectively replicating human pathological features and providing an ideal platform for disease mechanism research and drug screening.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.70249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T04:10:29Z","timestamp":1784175029000},"page":"1701-1711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of rat hypertrophic scar models: Caudal tension model with superior pathological consistency"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Lingyi","family":"Zhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Daping Hospital, Army Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"School of Medicine Tibet University  Lhasa China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Daping Hospital, Army Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaohui","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Daping Hospital, Army Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"School of Medical Research Institute Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfeng","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia  Penang 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