{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T15:46:48Z","timestamp":1791733608313,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785024000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Models and Exp Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cryptorchidism impairs spermatogenesis, causes infertility, and increases malignancy risk. Orchiopexy, the standard treatment, often fails to fully restore testicular function. This study evaluated the adjunctive effects of D\u2010limonene in prepubertal rats with bilateral cryptorchidism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010four male rats were allocated into four groups: sham\u2010operated (SH), cryptorchid control with orchiopexy (CT), and two orchiopexy groups receiving low\u2010dose (50 mg\/kg, Lim\u201050) or high\u2010dose (100 mg\/kg, Lim\u2010100) D\u2010limonene. Assessments included oxidative stress markers in testicular tissue (total antioxidant capacity [TAC], malondialdehyde [MDA], superoxide dismutase [SOD], and glutathione peroxidase [GPx]), macroscopic indices (testicular index [TI], absolute testicular weight [TW], and testicular weight index [TWI]), histopathological parameters (Johnsen score [JS], epithelial height [EHS], and seminiferous tubule diameter [STD]), apoptosis\u2010related proteins (Bax, Bcl\u20102, Caspase\u20103, and TNF\u2010\u03b1), serum testosterone, and sperm parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>D\u2010limonene improved several indices of testicular injury following orchiopexy in cryptorchid rats. Both treatment doses increased TAC, while the higher dose more effectively reduced MDA and improved SOD activity. Testicular morphometric and histopathological parameters, including TW, TI, TWI, JS, EHS, and STD, were significantly improved. D\u2010Limonene also decreased pro\u2010apoptotic markers (Bax and Cleaved Caspase\u20103), increased anti\u2010apoptotic markers (Bcl\u20102 and Pro\u2010Caspase\u20103), reduced TNF\u2010\u03b1 expression and apoptotic cell counts, and enhanced serum testosterone and sperm quality. However, full normalization of all parameters was not achieved.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adjunctive D\u2010limonene administration following orchiopexy attenuated oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, and partially restored testicular structure and function in experimental cryptorchidism. These findings support D\u2010limonene as a promising supplementary strategy with partial but meaningful protective effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.70253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T04:57:42Z","timestamp":1785128262000},"page":"1884-1900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of therapeutic effects of D\u2010limonene following orchiopexy in the rat model of cryptorchidism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Arman","family":"Norouzi\u2010Ghalehbala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Lorestan University  Khorramabad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadjavad","family":"Rezaei\u2010Varmaziar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, 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