{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T15:02:59Z","timestamp":1768402979335,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":49,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acute Medicine &amp; Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Combination treatment with clindamycin is recommended in patients with invasive group A <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> infection; however, whether the same treatment is effective in invasive group B <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S.\u00a0dysgalactiae<\/jats:italic> subspecies <jats:italic>equisimilis<\/jats:italic> infections remains unknown. We aimed to investigate whether clindamycin added to standard of care therapy would be effective in patients with invasive non\u2010group A \u03b2\u2010hemolytic <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a nationwide retrospective cohort study using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database focusing on the period between 2010 and 2018. We extracted data on patients diagnosed with sepsis due to non\u2010group A \u03b2\u2010hemolytic <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>. One\u2010to\u2010four propensity score\u2010matching was undertaken to compare patients who were treated with clindamycin within 2\u00a0days of admission (clindamycin group) and those who did not (control group). The primary outcome was in\u2010hospital mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 3754 eligible patients during the study period. The patients were divided into the clindamycin (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0296) and control groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03458). After one\u2010to\u2010four propensity score matching, we compared 289 and 1156 patients with and without clindamycin, respectively. In\u2010hospital mortality did not significantly differ between the two groups (9.7% versus 10.3%; risk difference 0.3%; 95% confidence interval, \u20133.5% to 4.2%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This nationwide database study showed that combination therapy involving the use of clindamycin was not associated with lower in\u2010hospital mortality in patients with invasive non\u2010group A \u03b2\u2010hemolytic <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ams2.634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]],"date-time":"2021-02-21T00:44:52Z","timestamp":1613868292000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["In\u2010hospital mortality among patients with invasive non\u2010group A \u03b2\u2010hemolytic <i>Streptococcus<\/i> treated with clindamycin combination therapy: a nationwide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1330-8736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoichiro","family":"Hamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Critical Care Center Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Trauma and Critical Care medicine School of Medicine Kyorin University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2903-1092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikio","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Critical Care Center Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Trauma and Critical Care medicine School of Medicine Kyorin University Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics School of Public Health The University of Tokyo Tokyo 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