{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T05:04:07Z","timestamp":1784783047583,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":202,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acute Medicine &amp;amp; Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although minor (mild\u2010to\u2010moderate) trauma generally leads to favorable outcomes, some patients experience in\u2010hospital mortality. Traditional trauma severity scores alone may not sufficiently reflect the prognostic variability in aging populations with comorbidities. This study examined the associations between patient characteristics and in\u2010hospital mortality among patients with minor trauma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study used data from adult patients with minor trauma, defined by an Injury Severity Score (ISS) &lt;\u200916 from the Japan Trauma Data Bank. A logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate associations between mortality and patient characteristics, including age, sex, ISS, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score. Subgroup analyses were conducted among patients with moderate trauma (ISS 9\u201315) to examine the associations between the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) scores of injuries at three specific anatomical regions and in\u2010hospital mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After applying the exclusion criteria, of the 56,821 patients with ISS &lt;\u200916 identified in the Japan Trauma Data Bank, 50,087 were included in the final analysis. The logistic regression analysis identified older age, male sex, ISS \u2265\u20099, and higher CCI scores as independent predictors of in\u2010hospital mortality. In patients with moderate trauma, the AIS scores of injuries involving the three regions (head\/neck, abdomen, and external\/other trauma injury regions) were significantly associated with increased mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among patients with minor trauma, advanced age, male sex, comorbidities, and specific injury regions were associated with increased in\u2010hospital mortality. These findings highlight the importance of early risk recognition and tailored clinical management in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ams2.70145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T04:42:22Z","timestamp":1784781742000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Outcomes and Risk Factors for In\u2010Hospital Mortality in Mild\u2010to\u2010Moderate Trauma Patients: A Nationwide Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shogo","family":"Takashima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2999-4021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuma","family":"Yamakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8772-9600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryo","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Keio University School of Medicine  Shinjuku Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5967-0776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akira","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acute Critical Care Medicine Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital  Tsuchiura Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7807-7428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noritaka","family":"Ushio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3339-1902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryo","family":"Hisamune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomonobu","family":"Nishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Takasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00367-2","article-title":"Global Burden of 288 Causes of Death and Life Expectancy Decomposition in 204 Countries and Territories and 811 Subnational Locations, 1990\u20132021: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"403","author":"GBD 2021 Causes of Death Collaborators","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197403000-00001","article-title":"The Injury Severity Score: A Method for Describing Patients With Multiple Injuries and Evaluating Emergency Care","volume":"14","author":"Baker S. P.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-018-1057-x","article-title":"Predictive Capability of the Injury Severity Score Versus the New Injury Severity Score in the Categorization of the Severity of Trauma Patients: A Cross\u2010Sectional Observational Study","volume":"46","author":"Abajas Bustillo R.","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-014-0391-x","article-title":"Update on the Definition of Polytrauma","volume":"40","author":"Butcher N. 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E.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Chronic Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198501000-00010","article-title":"Abbreviated Injury Scale and Injury Severity Score: A Scoring Chart","volume":"25","author":"Greenspan L.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2024.07.048","article-title":"Decline in Explanatory Power of Trauma Mortality Models With Age: Varying Contribution of Glasgow Coma Scale, Injury Severity Score, Comorbidities, and Frailty","volume":"302","author":"Shen Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Surgical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","article-title":"The Effect of the Charlson Comorbidity Index on In\u2010Hospital Complications, Hospital Length of Stay, Mortality, and Readmissions Among Patients Hospitalized for Acute Stroke","volume":"16","author":"Shaikh N.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2862","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348241257470","article-title":"Morbidity and Mortality of Trauma Patients 55 and Older: A Study of Nontrauma Risk Factors","volume":"90","author":"Javier M. 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A Multicenter Analysis in The Netherlands","volume":"27","author":"Pape M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2016.1187290","article-title":"Traumatic Brain Injury: It Is All About Definition","volume":"30","author":"Savitsky B.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Injury"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000062763.21379.D9","article-title":"Differences in Mortality Predictions Between Injury Severity Score Triplets: A Significant Flaw","volume":"56","author":"Russell R.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14121552","article-title":"Same Abbreviated Injury Scale Values May Be Associated With Different Risks to Mortality in Trauma Patients: A Cross\u2010Sectional Retrospective Study Based on the Trauma Registry System in a Level I Trauma Center","volume":"14","author":"Rau C. 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