{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:13:30Z","timestamp":1788542010635,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":44,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acute Medicine &amp; Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study aimed to determine the current status of face mask use, deep body temperature measurement, and active cooling in patients suffering from heat\u00a0stroke and heat exhaustion in Japan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a prospective, observational, multicenter study using data from the Heatstroke STUDY 2020\u20132021, a nationwide periodical registry of heat stroke and heat exhaustion patients. Based on the Bouchama heatstroke criteria, we classified the patients into two groups: severe and mild\u2010to\u2010moderate. We compared the outcomes between the two groups and reclassified them into two subgroups according to the severity of the illness, deep body temperature measurements, and face mask use. Cramer's <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic> was used to determine the effect sizes for a comparison between groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Almost all patients in this study were categorized as having degree III based on the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine heatstroke criteria (JAAM\u2010HS). However, the severe group was significantly worse than the mild\u2010to\u2010moderate group in outcomes like in\u2010hospital death and modified Rankin Scale scores, when discharged. Heat\u00a0strokes had significantly higher rates of active cooling and lower mortality rates than heat\u00a0stroke\u2010like illnesses. Patients using face masks often use them during labor, sports, and other exertions, had less severe conditions, and were less likely to be young male individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is suggested that severe cases require a more detailed classification of degree III in the JAAM\u2010HS criteria, and not measuring deep body temperature could have been a factor in the nonperformance of active cooling and worse outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ams2.820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T05:19:16Z","timestamp":1676438356000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Current status of active cooling, deep body temperature measurement, and face mask wearing in heat stroke and heat exhaustion patients in Japan: a nationwide observational study based on the Heatstroke STUDY 2020 and 2021"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6328-8732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Kanda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Association of Acute Medicine Heatstroke and Hypothermia Surveillance Committee  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Teikyo University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasufumi","family":"Miyake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Association of Acute Medicine Heatstroke and Hypothermia Surveillance Committee  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Teikyo University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daiki","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Teikyo University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Umehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Teikyo University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maiko","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Teikyo University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoshige","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Association of Acute Medicine Heatstroke and Hypothermia Surveillance Committee  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Japanese Red Cross Musashino Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0981-847X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motoki","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Association of Acute Medicine Heatstroke and Hypothermia Surveillance Committee  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Advanced Medical Emergency and Critical Care Center Yamaguchi University Hospital  Yamaguchi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2287-3318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kei","family":"Hayashida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Association of Acute Medicine Heatstroke and Hypothermia Surveillance Committee  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health System  Manhasset New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Association of Acute Medicine Heatstroke and Hypothermia Surveillance Committee  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Emergency and Critical Care Center Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuho","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Association of Acute Medicine Heatstroke and Hypothermia Surveillance Committee  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Aizu Chuo Hospital  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7790-4655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yukari","family":"Miyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Association of Acute Medicine Heatstroke and Hypothermia Surveillance Committee  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9035-1466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuki","family":"Kishihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Association of Acute Medicine Heatstroke and Hypothermia Surveillance Committee  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2266-476X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yohei","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Association of Acute Medicine Heatstroke and Hypothermia Surveillance Committee  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Services, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9248-7634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuichi","family":"Okano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Association of Acute Medicine Heatstroke and Hypothermia Surveillance Committee  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jotaro","family":"Tachino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Association of Acute Medicine Heatstroke and Hypothermia Surveillance Committee  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine Osaka University Graduate School  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhei","family":"Takauji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Association of Acute Medicine Heatstroke and Hypothermia Surveillance Committee  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Asahikawa Medical University Hospital  Hokkaido Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6131-0665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junko","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Association of Acute Medicine Heatstroke and Hypothermia Surveillance Committee  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Acute Medicine Nihon University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsuo","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Association of Acute Medicine Heatstroke and Hypothermia Surveillance Committee  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Emergency, Disaster, and Critical Care Medicine Showa University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Yokota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Association of Acute Medicine Heatstroke and Hypothermia Surveillance Committee  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Medical and Health Science Nippon Sport Science University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7409-704X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoji","family":"Yokobori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Association of Acute Medicine Heatstroke and Hypothermia Surveillance Committee  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Nippon Medical School  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"Fire and Disaster Management Agency in Japan.[homepage on the internet] Heat illness information;2021[updated Oct 2022; cited 30 Jan 2021]. Available from:https:\/\/www.fdma.go.jp\/disaster\/heatstroke\/items\/heatstroke_geppou_2021.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3893\/jjaam.19.309"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3893\/jjaam.21.230"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ams2.516"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16183433"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2015.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259441"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ams2.731"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1810762"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra011089"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"Japan Association of Acute Medicine.Guidelines for the treatment of heat stroke 2015.2015. (Only Jananese)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000202209.42491.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01709751"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015808"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ams2.712"}],"container-title":["Acute Medicine &amp; Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ams2.820","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ams2.820","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ams2.820","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:41:59Z","timestamp":1705020119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ams2.820"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ams2.820"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ams2.820","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2052-8817","2052-8817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2052-8817","type":"print"},{"value":"2052-8817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e820"}}