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Minocycline, a semisynthetic tetracycline, has been shown to be neuroprotective in certain adult ischemic injury\/stroke and neurodegenerative disease models. However, minocycline's neuroprotective effects have not been assessed after insults to the neonatal brain. We now report that minocycline administered either immediately before or immediately after a hypoxic\u2010ischemic insult substantially blocks tissue damage in a rodent model of neonatal hypoxic\u2010ischemic brain injury. Minocycline treatment prevents the formation of activated caspase\u20103, a known effector of apoptosis, as well as the appearance of a calpain cleaved substrate, a marker of excitotoxic\/necrotic cell death. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a systemic treatment that can be administered after a hypoxic\u2010ischemic insult, which provides robust, nearly complete neuroprotection to the developing brain. Our data suggest that minocycline or a related neuroprotective tetracycline may be a candidate to consider in human clinical trials to protect the developing brain against hypoxic\u2010ischemic\u2013induced damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T11:32:01Z","timestamp":1033903921000},"page":"54-61","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":266,"title":["Minocycline markedly protects the neonatal brain against hypoxic\u2010ischemic injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Kara L.","family":"Arvin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byung 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