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Each patient performed tasks of treadmill walking (0.2km\/hr), alternated with rest every 30 seconds for four repetitions, under partial body weight support, either with mechanical assistance in swinging the paretic leg control (CON) or with a facilitation technique that enhanced swinging of the paretic leg (FT), provided by physical therapists. Gait performance was associated with increased oxygenated hemoglobin levels in the medial primary sensorimotor cortex in the unaffected hemisphere greater than in the affected hemisphere. Both cortical mappings and quantitative data showed that the premotor activation in the affected hemisphere was enhanced during hemiplegic gait. There was also a prominent activation in the presupplementary motor area. Overall cortical activations and gait performance were greater in walking with FT than with CON. These indicate that multiple motor areas including the premotor cortex and presupplementary motor area might play important roles in restoration of gait in patients with severe stroke.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T11:53:08Z","timestamp":1033905188000},"page":"188-194","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":180,"title":["Premotor cortex is involved in restoration of gait in stroke"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Miyai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Yagura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Oda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ikuo","family":"Konishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsunehiko","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kisou","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410290112"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410310502"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410330208"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.12.2518"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.1.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.3.656"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.929199"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597496"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(97)01132-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1149965"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199608120-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(96)12376-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(98)00754-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(99)00060-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(00)00006-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0905"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","article-title":"Cortical activation patterns during hemiparetic gait are altered by rehabilitative intervention. 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